You *can* but you would get much better response times by configuring and using the VNC based remote desktop capabilities. If you use GNOME then click System->Preferences->Remote Desktop, or run the "vino-preferences" command. This is basically VNC integration which is much more efficient. Forward the VNC port rather than the X ports. I actually tunnel several ports between my machines at work and at home, both of which are behind firewalls and only expose ssh to a specific machine on a non-standard ssh port restricted to specific addresses.
This page gives the basics and might help:
http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/research/dtg/at ... shvnc.html
Depending on how you have things set up you may need to use other options (I use "-R" instead of "-L" a lot). See the ssh man page which lists all the options and explain things pretty well.
Also, for the Remote Desktop to work you must already be logged on to the machine you want to remote control. Another option is to configure X to load the "vnc" module which will allow you to even remote control the logon (gdm). Another option is to use vncserver. This is handy to fire up a vnc controllable X session from a regular ssh login assuming you don't have vnc configured in X and without having remote desktop configured.
Of course ssh itself does X11 forwarding so you don't actually have to remote control the entire desktop. You can just ssh in to the remote box, run an X based application from the command line and it will display on your local X server. This can also be extremely slow though if you try to do this over a slow WAN/Internet connection.