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RPM(8) RPM(8)
NAME
rpm - RPM Package Manager
SYNOPSIS
QUERYING AND VERIFYING PACKAGES:
rpm {-q|--query} [select-options] [query-options]
rpm {-V|--verify} [select-options] [verify-options]
rpm --import PUBKEY ...
rpm {-K|--checksig} [--nosignature] [--nodigest]
PACKAGE_FILE ...
INSTALLING, UPGRADING, AND REMOVING PACKAGES:
rpm {-i|--install} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...
rpm {-U|--upgrade} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...
rpm {-F|--freshen} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...
rpm {-e|--erase} [--allmatches] [--nodeps] [--noscripts]
[--notriggers] [--test] PACKAGE_NAME ...
MISCELLANEOUS:
rpm {--initdb|--rebuilddb}
rpm {--addsign|--resign} PACKAGE_FILE ...
rpm {--querytags|--showrc}
rpm {--setperms|--setugids} PACKAGE_NAME ...
select-options
[PACKAGE_NAME] [-a,--all] [-f,--file FILE]
[-g,--group GROUP] {-p,--package PACKAGE_FILE]
[--fileid MD5] [--hdrid SHA1] [--pkgid MD5] [--tid TID]
[--querybynumber HDRNUM] [--triggeredby PACKAGE_NAME]
[--whatprovides CAPABILITY] [--whatrequires CAPABILITY]
query-options
[--changelog] [-c,--configfiles] [--conflicts]
[-d,--docfiles] [--dump] [--filesbypkg] [-i,--info]
[--last] [-l,--list] [--provides]
[--qf,--queryformat QUERYFMT] [-R,--requires]
[--scripts] [-s,--state] [--triggers,--triggerscripts]
verify-options
[--nodeps] [--nofiles] [--noscripts]
[--nodigest] [--nosignature]
[--nolinkto] [--nofiledigest] [--nosize] [--nouser]
[--nogroup] [--nomtime] [--nomode] [--nordev]
[--nocaps]
install-options
[--aid] [--allfiles] [--badreloc] [--excludepath OLDPATH]
[--excludedocs] [--force] [-h,--hash]
[--ignoresize] [--ignorearch] [--ignoreos]
[--includedocs] [--justdb] [--nodeps]
[--nodigest] [--nosignature] [--nosuggest]
[--noorder] [--noscripts] [--notriggers]
[--oldpackage] [--percent] [--prefix NEWPATH]
[--relocate OLDPATH=NEWPATH]
[--replacefiles] [--replacepkgs]
[--test]
DESCRIPTION
rpm is a powerful Package Manager, which can be used to build, install, query, verify, update, and erase individual soft-
ware packages. A package consists of an archive of files and meta-data used to install and erase the archive files. The
meta-data includes helper scripts, file attributes, and descriptive information about the package. Packages come in two
varieties: binary packages, used to encapsulate software to be installed, and source packages, containing the source code
and recipe necessary to produce binary packages.
One of the following basic modes must be selected: Query, Verify, Signature Check, Install/Upgrade/Freshen, Uninstall,
Initialize Database, Rebuild Database, Resign, Add Signature, Set Owners/Groups, Show Querytags, and Show Configuration.
GENERAL OPTIONS
These options can be used in all the different modes.
-?, --help
Print a longer usage message then normal.
--version
Print a single line containing the version number of rpm being used.
--quiet
Print as little as possible - normally only error messages will be displayed.
-v Print verbose information - normally routine progress messages will be displayed.
-vv Print lots of ugly debugging information.
--rcfile FILELIST
Each of the files in the colon separated FILELIST is read sequentially by rpm for configuration information. Only
the first file in the list must exist, and tildes will be expanded to the value of $HOME. The default FILELIST is
/usr/lib/rpm/rpmrc:/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/rpmrc:/etc/rpmrc:~/.rpmrc.
--pipe CMD
Pipes the output of rpm to the command CMD.
--dbpath DIRECTORY
Use the database in DIRECTORY rather than the default path /var/lib/rpm
--root DIRECTORY
Use the file system tree rooted at DIRECTORY for all operations. Note that this means the database within DIREC-
TORY will be used for dependency checks and any scriptlet(s) (e.g. %post if installing, or %prep if building, a
package) will be run after a chroot(2) to DIRECTORY.
INSTALL AND UPGRADE OPTIONS
In these options, PACKAGE_FILE can be either rpm binary file or ASCII package manifest (see PACKAGE SELECTION OPTIONS),
and may be specified as an ftp or http URL, in which case the package will be downloaded before being installed. See
FTP/HTTP OPTIONS for information on rpm's internal ftp and http client support.
The general form of an rpm install command is
rpm {-i|--install} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...
This installs a new package.
The general form of an rpm upgrade command is
rpm {-U|--upgrade} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...
This upgrades or installs the package currently installed to a newer version. This is the same as install, except all
other version(s) of the package are removed after the new package is installed.
rpm {-F|--freshen} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...
This will upgrade packages, but only ones for which an earlier version is installed.
--aid Add suggested packages to the transaction set when needed.
--allfiles
Installs or upgrades all the missingok files in the package, regardless if they exist.
--badreloc
Used with --relocate, permit relocations on all file paths, not just those OLDPATH's included in the binary pack-
age relocation hint(s).
--excludepath OLDPATH
Don't install files whose name begins with OLDPATH.
--excludedocs
Don't install any files which are marked as documentation (which includes man pages and texinfo documents).
--force
Same as using --replacepkgs, --replacefiles, and --oldpackage.
-h, --hash
Print 50 hash marks as the package archive is unpacked. Use with -v|--verbose for a nicer display.
--ignoresize
Don't check mount file systems for sufficient disk space before installing this package.
--ignorearch
Allow installation or upgrading even if the architectures of the binary package and host don't match.
--ignoreos
Allow installation or upgrading even if the operating systems of the binary package and host don't match.
--includedocs
Install documentation files. This is the default behavior.
--justdb
Update only the database, not the filesystem.
--nodigest
Don't verify package or header digests when reading.
--nomanifest
Don't process non-package files as manifests.
--nosignature
Don't verify package or header signatures when reading.
--nodeps
Don't do a dependency check before installing or upgrading a package.
--nosuggest
Don't suggest package(s) that provide a missing dependency.
--noorder
Don't reorder the packages for an install. The list of packages would normally be reordered to satisfy dependen-
cies.
--noscripts
--nopre
--nopost
--nopreun
--nopostun
Don't execute the scriptlet of the same name. The --noscripts option is equivalent to
--nopre --nopost --nopreun --nopostun
and turns off the execution of the corresponding %pre, %post, %preun, and %postun scriptlet(s).
--notriggers
--notriggerin
--notriggerun
--notriggerpostun
Don't execute any trigger scriptlet of the named type. The --notriggers option is equivalent to
--notriggerin --notriggerun --notriggerpostun
and turns off execution of the corresponding %triggerin, %triggerun, and %triggerpostun scriptlet(s).
--oldpackage
Allow an upgrade to replace a newer package with an older one.
--percent
Print percentages as files are unpacked from the package archive. This is intended to make rpm easy to run from
other tools.
--prefix NEWPATH
For relocatable binary packages, translate all file paths that start with the installation prefix in the package
relocation hint(s) to NEWPATH.
--relocate OLDPATH=NEWPATH
For relocatable binary packages, translate all file paths that start with OLDPATH in the package relocation
hint(s) to NEWPATH. This option can be used repeatedly if several OLDPATH's in the package are to be relocated.
--replacefiles
Install the packages even if they replace files from other, already installed, packages.
--replacepkgs
Install the packages even if some of them are already installed on this system.
--test Do not install the package, simply check for and report potential conflicts.
ERASE OPTIONS
The general form of an rpm erase command is
rpm {-e|--erase} [--allmatches] [--nodeps] [--noscripts] [--notriggers] [--test] PACKAGE_NAME ...
The following options may also be used:
--allmatches
Remove all versions of the package which match PACKAGE_NAME. Normally an error is issued if PACKAGE_NAME matches
multiple packages.
--nodeps
Don't check dependencies before uninstalling the packages.
--noscripts
--nopreun
--nopostun
Don't execute the scriptlet of the same name. The --noscripts option during package erase is equivalent to
--nopreun --nopostun
and turns off the execution of the corresponding %preun, and %postun scriptlet(s).
--notriggers
--notriggerun
--notriggerpostun
Don't execute any trigger scriptlet of the named type. The --notriggers option is equivalent to
--notriggerun --notriggerpostun
and turns off execution of the corresponding %triggerun, and %triggerpostun scriptlet(s).
--test Don't really uninstall anything, just go through the motions. Useful in conjunction with the -vv option for
debugging.
QUERY OPTIONS
The general form of an rpm query command is
rpm {-q|--query} [select-options] [query-options]
You may specify the format that package information should be printed in. To do this, you use the
--qf|--queryformat QUERYFMT
option, followed by the QUERYFMT format string. Query formats are modified versions of the standard printf(3) format-
ting. The format is made up of static strings (which may include standard C character escapes for newlines, tabs, and
other special characters) and printf(3) type formatters. As rpm already knows the type to print, the type specifier must
be omitted however, and replaced by the name of the header tag to be printed, enclosed by {} characters. Tag names are
case insensitive, and the leading RPMTAG_ portion of the tag name may be omitted as well.
Alternate output formats may be requested by following the tag with :typetag. Currently, the following types are sup-
ported:
:armor Wrap a public key in ASCII armor.
:arraysize
Display number of elements in array tags.
:base64
Encode binary data using base64.
:date Use strftime(3) "%c" format.
:day Use strftime(3) "%a %b %d %Y" format.
:depflags
Format dependency comparison operator.
:deptype
Format dependency type.
:fflags
Format file flags.
:fstate
Format file state.
:hex Format in hexadecimal.
:octal Format in octal.
:perms Format file permissions.
:pgpsig
Display signature fingerprint and time.
:shescape
Escape single quotes for use in a script.
:triggertype
Display trigger suffix.
:vflags
File verification flags.
:xml Wrap data in simple xml markup.
For example, to print only the names of the packages queried, you could use %{NAME} as the format string. To print the
packages name and distribution information in two columns, you could use %-30{NAME}%{DISTRIBUTION}. rpm will print a
list of all of the tags it knows about when it is invoked with the --querytags argument.
There are two subsets of options for querying: package selection, and information selection.
PACKAGE SELECTION OPTIONS:
PACKAGE_NAME
Query installed package named PACKAGE_NAME.
-a, --all
Query all installed packages.
-f, --file FILE
Query package owning FILE.
--fileid MD5
Query package that contains a given file identifier, i.e. the MD5 digest of the file contents.
-g, --group GROUP
Query packages with the group of GROUP.
--hdrid SHA1
Query package that contains a given header identifier, i.e. the SHA1 digest of the immutable header region.
-p, --package PACKAGE_FILE
Query an (uninstalled) package PACKAGE_FILE. The PACKAGE_FILE may be specified as an ftp or http style URL, in
which case the package header will be downloaded and queried. See FTP/HTTP OPTIONS for information on rpm's
internal ftp and http client support. The PACKAGE_FILE argument(s), if not a binary package, will be interpreted
as an ASCII package manifest unless --nomanifest option is used. In manifests, comments are permitted, starting
with a '#', and each line of a package manifest file may include white space separated glob expressions, including
URL's, that will be expanded to paths that are substituted in place of the package manifest as additional PACK-
AGE_FILE arguments to the query.
--pkgid MD5
Query package that contains a given package identifier, i.e. the MD5 digest of the combined header and payload
contents.
--querybynumber HDRNUM
Query the HDRNUMth database entry directly; this is useful only for debugging.
--specfile SPECFILE
Parse and query SPECFILE as if it were a package. Although not all the information (e.g. file lists) is available,
this type of query permits rpm to be used to extract information from spec files without having to write a spec-
file parser.
--tid TID
Query package(s) that have a given TID transaction identifier. A unix time stamp is currently used as a transac-
tion identifier. All package(s) installed or erased within a single transaction have a common identifier.
--triggeredby PACKAGE_NAME
Query packages that are triggered by package(s) PACKAGE_NAME.
--whatprovides CAPABILITY
Query all packages that provide the CAPABILITY capability.
--whatrequires CAPABILITY
Query all packages that require CAPABILITY for proper functioning.
PACKAGE QUERY OPTIONS:
--changelog
Display change information for the package.
-c, --configfiles
List only configuration files (implies -l).
--conflicts
List capabilities this package conflicts with.
-d, --docfiles
List only documentation files (implies -l).
--dump Dump file information as follows (implies -l):
path size mtime filedigest mode owner group isconfig isdoc rdev symlink
--filesbypkg
List all the files in each selected package.
-i, --info
Display package information, including name, version, and description. This uses the --queryformat if one was
specified.
--last Orders the package listing by install time such that the latest packages are at the top.
-l, --list
List files in package.
--provides
List capabilities this package provides.
-R, --requires
List capabilities on which this package depends.
--scripts
List the package specific scriptlet(s) that are used as part of the installation and uninstallation processes.
-s, --state
Display the states of files in the package (implies -l). The state of each file is one of normal, not installed,
or replaced.
--triggers, --triggerscripts
Display the trigger scripts, if any, which are contained in the package.
VERIFY OPTIONS
The general form of an rpm verify command is
rpm {-V|--verify} [select-options] [verify-options]
Verifying a package compares information about the installed files in the package with information about the files taken
from the package metadata stored in the rpm database. Among other things, verifying compares the size, MD5 sum, permis-
sions, type, owner and group of each file. Any discrepancies are displayed. Files that were not installed from the
package, for example, documentation files excluded on installation using the "--excludedocs" option, will be silently
ignored.
The package selection options are the same as for package querying (including package manifest files as arguments).
Other options unique to verify mode are:
--nodeps
Don't verify dependencies of packages.
--nodigest
Don't verify package or header digests when reading.
--nofiles
Don't verify any attributes of package files.
--noscripts
Don't execute the %verifyscript scriptlet (if any).
--nosignature
Don't verify package or header signatures when reading.
--nolinkto
--nofiledigest (formerly --nomd5)
--nosize
--nouser
--nogroup
--nomtime
--nomode
--nordev
Don't verify the corresponding file attribute.
The format of the output is a string of 8 characters, a possible attribute marker:
c %config configuration file.
d %doc documentation file.
g %ghost file (i.e. the file contents are not included in the package payload).
l %license license file.
r %readme readme file.
from the package header, followed by the file name. Each of the 8 characters denotes the result of a comparison of
attribute(s) of the file to the value of those attribute(s) recorded in the database. A single "." (period) means the
test passed, while a single "?" (question mark) indicates the test could not be performed (e.g. file permissions prevent
reading). Otherwise, the (mnemonically emBoldened) character denotes failure of the corresponding --verify test:
S file Size differs
M Mode differs (includes permissions and file type)
5 MD5 sum differs
D Device major/minor number mismatch
L readLink(2) path mismatch
U User ownership differs
G Group ownership differs
T mTime differs
P caPabilities differ
DIGITAL SIGNATURE AND DIGEST VERIFICATION
The general forms of rpm digital signature commands are
rpm --import PUBKEY ...
rpm {--checksig} [--nosignature] [--nodigest]
PACKAGE_FILE ...
The --checksig option checks all the digests and signatures contained in PACKAGE_FILE to ensure the integrity and origin
of the package. Note that signatures are now verified whenever a package is read, and --checksig is useful to verify all
of the digests and signatures associated with a package.
Digital signatures cannot be verified without a public key. An ASCII armored public key can be added to the rpm database
using --import. An imported public key is carried in a header, and key ring management is performed exactly like package
management. For example, all currently imported public keys can be displayed by:
rpm -qa gpg-pubkey*
Details about a specific public key, when imported, can be displayed by querying. Here's information about the Red Hat
GPG/DSA key:
rpm -qi gpg-pubkey-db42a60e
Finally, public keys can be erased after importing just like packages. Here's how to remove the Red Hat GPG/DSA key
rpm -e gpg-pubkey-db42a60e
SIGNING A PACKAGE
rpm --addsign|--resign PACKAGE_FILE ...
Both of the --addsign and --resign options generate and insert new signatures for each package PACKAGE_FILE given,
replacing any existing signatures. There are two options for historical reasons, there is no difference in behavior cur-
rently.
USING GPG TO SIGN PACKAGES
In order to sign packages using GPG, rpm must be configured to run GPG and be able to find a key ring with the appropri-
ate keys. By default, rpm uses the same conventions as GPG to find key rings, namely the $GNUPGHOME environment variable.
If your key rings are not located where GPG expects them to be, you will need to configure the macro %_gpg_path to be the
location of the GPG key rings to use.
For compatibility with older versions of GPG, PGP, and rpm, only V3 OpenPGP signature packets should be configured.
Either DSA or RSA verification algorithms can be used, but DSA is preferred.
If you want to be able to sign packages you create yourself, you also need to create your own public and secret key pair
(see the GPG manual). You will also need to configure the rpm macros
%_signature
The signature type. Right now only gpg and pgp are supported.
%_gpg_name
The name of the "user" whose key you wish to use to sign your packages.
For example, to be able to use GPG to sign packages as the user "John Doe <jdoeATfoo.com>" from the key rings located in
/etc/rpm/.gpg using the executable /usr/bin/gpg you would include
%_signature gpg
%_gpg_path /etc/rpm/.gpg
%_gpg_name John Doe <jdoeATfoo.com>
%__gpg /usr/bin/gpg
in a macro configuration file. Use /etc/rpm/macros for per-system configuration and ~/.rpmmacros for per-user configura-
tion. Typically it's sufficient to set just %_gpg_name.
REBUILD DATABASE OPTIONS
The general form of an rpm rebuild database command is
rpm {--initdb|--rebuilddb} [-v] [--dbpath DIRECTORY] [--root DIRECTORY]
Use --initdb to create a new database if one doesn't already exist (existing database is not overwritten), use
--rebuilddb to rebuild the database indices from the installed package headers.
SHOWRC
The command
rpm --showrc
shows the values rpm will use for all of the options are currently set in rpmrc and macros configuration file(s).
FTP/HTTP OPTIONS
rpm can act as an FTP and/or HTTP client so that packages can be queried or installed from the internet. Package files
for install, upgrade, and query operations may be specified as an ftp or http style URL:
ftp://USER:PASSWORD@HOST:PORT/path/to/package.rpm
If the :PASSWORD portion is omitted, the password will be prompted for (once per user/hostname pair). If both the user
and password are omitted, anonymous ftp is used. In all cases, passive (PASV) ftp transfers are performed.
rpm allows the following options to be used with ftp URLs:
--ftpproxy HOST
The host HOST will be used as a proxy server for all ftp transfers, which allows users to ftp through firewall
machines which use proxy systems. This option may also be specified by configuring the macro %_ftpproxy.
--ftpport PORT
The TCP PORT number to use for the ftp connection on the proxy ftp server instead of the default port. This option
may also be specified by configuring the macro %_ftpport.
rpm allows the following options to be used with http URLs:
--httpproxy HOST
The host HOST will be used as a proxy server for all http transfers. This option may also be specified by config-
uring the macro %_httpproxy.
--httpport PORT
The TCP PORT number to use for the http connection on the proxy http server instead of the default port. This
option may also be specified by configuring the macro %_httpport.
LEGACY ISSUES
Executing rpmbuild
The build modes of rpm are now resident in the /usr/bin/rpmbuild executable. Install the package containing rpmbuild
(usually rpm-build) and see rpmbuild(8) for documentation of all the rpm build modes.
FILES
rpmrc Configuration
/usr/lib/rpm/rpmrc
/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/rpmrc
/etc/rpmrc
~/.rpmrc
Macro Configuration
/usr/lib/rpm/macros
/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/macros
/etc/rpm/macros
~/.rpmmacros
Database
/var/lib/rpm/Basenames
/var/lib/rpm/Conflictname
/var/lib/rpm/Dirnames
/var/lib/rpm/Filemd5s
/var/lib/rpm/Group
/var/lib/rpm/Installtid
/var/lib/rpm/Name
/var/lib/rpm/Packages
/var/lib/rpm/Providename
/var/lib/rpm/Provideversion
/var/lib/rpm/Pubkeys
/var/lib/rpm/Removed
/var/lib/rpm/Requirename
/var/lib/rpm/Requireversion
/var/lib/rpm/Sha1header
/var/lib/rpm/Sigmd5
/var/lib/rpm/Triggername
Temporary
/var/tmp/rpm*
SEE ALSO
popt(3),
rpm2cpio(8),
rpmbuild(8),
rpm --help - as rpm supports customizing the options via popt aliases it's impossible to guarantee that what's described
in the manual matches what's available.
http://www.rpm.org/ <URL:http://www.rpm.org/>;
AUTHORS
Marc Ewing <marcATredhat.com>
Jeff Johnson <jbjATredhat.com>
Erik Troan <ewtATredhat.com>
Red Hat, Inc. 09 June 2002 RPM(8)
