/* Void Main's man pages */
{ phpMan } else { main(); }
DRACUT(8) DRACUT(8)
NAME
dracut - create initial ramdisk images for preloading modules
SYNOPSIS
dracut [OPTION]... <image> <kernel-version>
DESCRIPTION
dracut creates an initial image used by the kernel for preloading the block device modules (such as IDE, SCSI or RAID)
which are needed to access the root filesystem.
Options
-f, --force
overwrite existing initramfs file.
-m, --modules LIST
specify a space-separated list of dracut modules to call when building the initramfs. Modules are located in
/usr/share/dracut/modules.d.
-o, --omit LIST
omit a space-separated list of dracut modules.
-a, --add LIST
add a space-separated list of dracut modules.
-d, --drivers LIST
specify a space-separated list of kernel modules to exclusively include in the initramfs. The kernel modules have
to be specified without the ".ko" suffix.
--add-drivers LIST
specify a space-separated list of kernel modules to add to the initramfs. The kernel modules have to be specified
without the ".ko" suffix.
--filesystems LIST
specify a space-separated list of kernel filesystem modules to exclusively include in the generic initramfs.
-k, --kmoddir {DIR}
specify the directory, where to look for kernel modules
--fwdir {DIR}
specify additional directory, where to look for firmwares
--kernel-only
only install kernel drivers and firmware files
--no-kernel
do not install kernel drivers and firmware files
--mdadmconf
include local /etc/mdadm.conf
--nomdadmconf
do not include local /etc/mdadm.conf
--strip
strip binaries in the initramfs (default)
--nostrip
do not strip binaries in the initramfs
-h, --help
display help text and exit.
--debug
output debug information of the build process
-v, --verbose
verbose output during the build process
-c, --conf FILE
specify configuration file to use. Default: /etc/dracut.conf
--confdir DIR
specify configuration directory to use. Default: /etc/dracut.conf.d
-l, --local
local mode. Use modules from the current working directory instead of the system-wide installed in /usr/share/dra-
cut/modules.d. Useful when running dracut from a git checkout.
-H, --hostonly
Host-Only mode: Install only what is needed for booting the local host instead of a generic host.
-i, --include SOURCE TARGET
include the files in the SOURCE directory into the target directory in the final initramfs.
-I, --install LIST
install the space separated list of files into the initramfs.
KERNEL COMMAND LINE
The root filesystem used by the kernel is specified in the boot configuration file, as always. The traditional
root=/dev/hda1 style device specification is allowed. If a label is used, as in root=LABEL=rootPart the initrd will
search all available devices for an ext2 or ext3 filesystem with the appropriate label, and mount that device as the root
filesystem. root=UUID=uuidnumber will mount the partition with that UUID as the root filesystem.
Standard
init=<path to real init>
root=<path to blockdevice>
specify blockdevice to use as root filesystem.
e.g.
root=/dev/sda1
root=/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1f.1-scsi-0:0:1:0-part1
rootfstype=<filesystem type>
"auto" if not specified, e.g. rootfstype=ext3
rootflags=<mount options>
specify additional mount options for the root filesystem. If not set, /etc/fstab of the real root will be parsed
for special mount options and mounted accordingly.
rd_NO_FSTAB
do not honor special mount options for the root filesystem found in /etc/fstab of the real root.
Misc
rdblacklist=<drivername>
do not load kernel module <drivername> This parameter can be specified multiple times.
rdloaddriver=<drivername>
force loading kernel module <drivername> This parameter can be specified multiple times.
Debug
rdinfo print informational output though "quiet" is set
rdshell
allow dropping to a shell, if root mounting fails
rdinitdebug
set -x for the dracut shell and logs to dmesg, console and /init.log
rdbreak
drop to a shell at the end
rdbreak={cmdline|pre-udev|pre-trigger|initqueue|pre-mount|mount|pre-pivot}
drop to a shell on defined breakpoint
rdudevinfo
set udev to loglevel info
rdudevdebug
set udev to loglevel debug
I18N
e.g.
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16
KEYTABLE=de-latin1-nodeadkeys
KEYBOARDTYPE=sun|pc
will be written to /etc/sysconfig/keyboard in the initramfs
KEYTABLE=<keytable filename>
will be written to /etc/sysconfig/keyboard in the initramfs
SYSFONT=Console font
will be written to /etc/sysconfig/i18n in the initramfs
SYSFONTACM=Unicode font map
will be written to /etc/sysconfig/i18n in the initramfs
UNIMAP=Unicode font map
will be written to /etc/sysconfig/i18n in the initramfs
LANG=<locale>
will be written to /etc/sysconfig/i18n in the initramfs
LVM
rd_NO_LVM
disable LVM detection
rd_LVM_VG=<volume group name>
only activate the volume groups with the given name rd_LVM_VG can be specified multiple times on the kernel com-
mand line.
rd_LVM_LV=<logical volume name>
only activate the logical volumes with the given name rd_LVM_LV can be specified multiple times on the kernel com-
mand line.
rd_NO_LVMCONF
remove any /etc/lvm/lvm.conf, which may exist in the initramfs
crypto LUKS
rd_NO_LUKS
disable crypto LUKS detection
rd_LUKS_UUID=<luks uuid>
only activate the LUKS partitions with the given UUID Any "luks-" of the LUKS UUID is removed before comparing to
<luks uuid>. The comparisons also matches, if <luks uuid> is only the beginning of the LUKS UUID, so you don't
have to specify the full UUID. This parameter can be specified multiple times.
rd_NO_CRYPTTAB
do not check, if LUKS partition is in /etc/crypttab
MD
rd_NO_MD
disable MD RAID detection
rd_NO_MDIMSM
no MD RAID for imsm/isw raids, use dmraid instead
rd_NO_MDADMCONF
ignore mdadm.conf included in initramfs
rd_MD_UUID=<md uuid>
only activate the raid sets with the given UUID. This parameter can be specified multiple times.
DMRAID
rd_NO_DM
disable DM RAID detection
rd_DM_UUID=<dmraid uuid>
only activate the raid sets with the given UUID. This parameter can be specified multiple times.
Network
ip={dhcp|on|any|dhcp6|auto6}
dhcp|on|any: get ip from dhcp server from all interfaces. If root=dhcp, loop sequentially through all interfaces
(eth0, eth1, ...) and use the first with a valid DHCP root-path.
auto6: do IPv6 autoconfiguration
ip=<interface>:{dhcp|on|any|dhcp6|auto6}
dhcp|on|any|dhcp6: get ip from dhcp server on a specific interface auto6: do IPv6 autoconfiguration This parameter
can be specified multiple times.
ip=<client-IP>:[<server-id>]:<gateway-IP>:<netmask>:<clienthostname>:<interface>:{none|off}
explicit network configuration. If you want do define a IPv6 address, put it in brackets (e.g. [2001:DB8::1]).
This parameter can be specified multiple times.
ifname=<interface>:<MAC>
Assign network device name <interface> (ie eth0) to the NIC with MAC <MAC>. Note letters in the MAC-address must
be lowercase! Note that if you use this option you must specify an ifname= argument for all interfaces used in
ip= or fcoe= arguments This parameter can be specified multiple times.
bootdev=<interface>
specify network interface to use routing and netroot information from. Required if multiple ip= lines are used.
nameserver=<IP> [nameserver=<IP> ...]
specify nameserver(s) to use
NFS
root=[<server-ip>:]<root-dir>[:<nfs-options>]
mount nfs share from <server-ip>:/<root-dir>, if no server-ip is given, use dhcp next_server. if server-ip is an
IPv6 address it has to be put in brackets, e.g. [2001:DB8::1]. NFS options can be appended with the prefix ":" or
"," and are seperated by ",".
root=nfs:[<server-ip>:]<root-dir>[:<nfs-options>]
root=nfs4:[<server-ip>:]<root-dir>[:<nfs-options>]
root=dhcp|dhcp6
root=dhcp alone directs initrd to look at the DHCP root-path where NFS options can be specified.
root-path=<server-ip>:<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>]
root-path=nfs:<server-ip>:<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>]
root-path=nfs4:<server-ip>:<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>]
root=/dev/nfs nfsroot=[<server-ip>:]<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>]
Deprecated! kernel Documentation/filesystems/nfsroot.txt defines this method. This is supported by dracut but not
recommended.
rd_NFS_DOMAIN=<NFSv4 domain name>
Set the NFSv4 domain name. Will overwrite the settings in /etc/idmap.conf.
iSCSI
root=iscsi:[username:password[:reverse:password]@][<servername>]:[<protocol>]:[<port>]:[<LUN>]:<targetname>
protocol defaults to "6", LUN defaults to "0".
If the "servername" field is provided by BOOTP or DHCP, then that field is used in conjunction with other associ-
ated fields to contact the boot server in the Boot stage (Section 7). However, if the "servername" field is not
provided, then the "targetname" field is then used in the Discovery Service stage in conjunction with other asso-
ciated fields.
http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4173
root=iscsi:[username:password[:reverse:password]@][<servername>]:[<protocol>]:[<port>]:[<LUN>]:<targetname>
e.g. root=iscsi:192.168.50.1::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target0
If servername is an IPv6 address, it has to be put in brackets.
e.g.
root=iscsi:[2001:DB8::1]::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target0
root=??? netroot=iscsi:[username:password[:reverse:password]@][<servername>]:[<protocol>]:[<port>]:[<LUN>]:<targetname>
...
multiple netroot options allow setting up multiple iscsi disks
e.g.
root=UUID=12424547
netroot=iscsi:192.168.50.1::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target0
netroot=iscsi:192.168.50.1::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target1
If servername is an IPv6 address, it has to be put in brackets.
e.g.
netroot=iscsi:[2001:DB8::1]::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target0
root=??? iscsi_initiator=<initiator> iscsi_target_name=<target name> iscsi_target_ip=<target ip>
iscsi_target_port=<target port> iscsi_target_group=<target group> iscsi_username=<username> iscsi_password=<password>
iscsi_in_username=<in username> iscsi_in_password=<in password>
manually specify all iscsistart parameter (see iscsistart --help)
root=??? iscsi_firmware
will read the iscsi parameter from the BIOS firmware
FCoE
netroot=fcoe:<interface|MAC>:<dcb|nodcb>
Try to connect to a FCoE SAN through the NIC specified by <interface> or <MAC>, for the second argument, currently
only nodcb is supported. Note letters in the MAC-address must be lowercase!
NBD
root=nbd:<server>:<port>[:<fstype>][:<mountopts>]
mount nbd share from <server>
root=dhcp
with dhcp root-path=nbd:<server>:<port>[:<fstype>][:<mountopts>] root=dhcp alone directs initrd to look at the
DHCP root-path where NBD options can be specified. This syntax is only usable in cases where you are directly
mounting the volume as the rootfs.
DASD
rd_DASD_MOD=....
same syntax as the kernel module parameter (s390 only)
rd_DASD=<dasd adaptor device bus ID>[,readonly=X][,use_diag=X][,erplog=X][,failfast=X]
activate DASD device with the given adaptor device bus ID and setting the sysfs attributes to the specified values
This parameter can be specified multiple times.
ZFCP
rd_ZFCP=<zfcp adaptor device bus ID>,<WWPN>,<FCPLUN>
rd_ZFCP can be specified multiple times on the kernel command line.
example: rd_ZFCP=0.0.4000,0x5005076300C213e9,0x5022000000000000
rd_NO_ZFCPCONF
ignore zfcp.conf included in the initramfs
ZNET
rd_ZNET=<nettype>,<subchannels>,<options>
rd_ZNET can be specified multiple times on the kernel command line. Examples:
rd_ZNET=qeth,0.0.0600,0.0.0601,0.0.0602,layer2=1,portname=foo
rd_ZNET=ctc,0.0.0600,0.0.0601,0.0.0602,protocol=bar
Plymouth Boot Splash
rd_NO_PLYMOUTH
do not start plymouth. This will not work with encrypted partitions.
FILES
/var/log/dracut.log
/tmp/dracut.log
see dracut.conf(5)
/etc/dracut.conf
Configuration in the Initramfs
/conf/conf.d/
Any files found in /conf/conf.d/ will be sourced in the initramfs to set initial values. Command line options will
override these values set in the configuration files.
/etc/cmdline
Can contain additional command line options.
AUTHORS
Harald Hoyer <haraldATredhat.com>
Victor Lowther <victor.lowtherATgmail.com>
Warren Togami <wtogamiATredhat.com>
Jeremy Katz <katzjATredhat.com>
Philippe Seewer <philippe.seewerATbfh.ch>
David Dillow <daveATthedillows.org>
AVAILABILITY
The dracut command is part of the dracut package and is available from http://sourceforge.net/apps/trac/dracut/wiki
SEE ALSO
dracut.conf(5)
Linux June 2009 DRACUT(8)
