/* Void Main's man pages */
{ phpMan } else { main(); }
<fenv.h>(0P) POSIX Programmer's Manual <fenv.h>(0P)
NAME
fenv.h - floating-point environment
SYNOPSIS
#include <fenv.h>
DESCRIPTION
The <fenv.h> header shall define the following data types through typedef:
fenv_t Represents the entire floating-point environment. The floating-point environment refers collectively to any float-
ing-point status flags and control modes supported by the implementation.
fexcept_t
Represents the floating-point status flags collectively, including any status the implementation associates with
the flags. A floating-point status flag is a system variable whose value is set (but never cleared) when a float-
ing-point exception is raised, which occurs as a side effect of exceptional floating-point arithmetic to provide
auxiliary information. A floating-point control mode is a system variable whose value may be set by the user to
affect the subsequent behavior of floating-point arithmetic.
The <fenv.h> header shall define the following constants if and only if the implementation supports the floating-point
exception by means of the floating-point functions feclearexcept(), fegetexceptflag(), feraiseexcept(), fesetexcept-
flag(), and fetestexcept(). Each expands to an integer constant expression with values such that bitwise-inclusive ORs of
all combinations of the constants result in distinct values.
FE_DIVBYZERO
FE_INEXACT
FE_INVALID
FE_OVERFLOW
FE_UNDERFLOW
The <fenv.h> header shall define the following constant, which is simply the bitwise-inclusive OR of all floating-point
exception constants defined above:
FE_ALL_EXCEPT
The <fenv.h> header shall define the following constants if and only if the implementation supports getting and setting
the represented rounding direction by means of the fegetround() and fesetround() functions. Each expands to an integer
constant expression whose values are distinct non-negative vales.
FE_DOWNWARD
FE_TONEAREST
FE_TOWARDZERO
FE_UPWARD
The <fenv.h> header shall define the following constant, which represents the default floating-point environment (that
is, the one installed at program startup) and has type pointer to const-qualified fenv_t. It can be used as an argument
to the functions within the <fenv.h> header that manage the floating-point environment.
FE_DFL_ENV
The following shall be declared as functions and may also be defined as macros. Function prototypes shall be provided.
int feclearexcept(int);
int fegetexceptflag(fexcept_t *, int);
int feraiseexcept(int);
int fesetexceptflag(const fexcept_t *, int);
int fetestexcept(int);
int fegetround(void);
int fesetround(int);
int fegetenv(fenv_t *);
int feholdexcept(fenv_t *);
int fesetenv(const fenv_t *);
int feupdateenv(const fenv_t *);
The FENV_ACCESS pragma provides a means to inform the implementation when an application might access the floating-point
environment to test floating-point status flags or run under non-default floating-point control modes. The pragma shall
occur either outside external declarations or preceding all explicit declarations and statements inside a compound state-
ment. When outside external declarations, the pragma takes effect from its occurrence until another FENV_ACCESS pragma is
encountered, or until the end of the translation unit. When inside a compound statement, the pragma takes effect from its
occurrence until another FENV_ACCESS pragma is encountered (including within a nested compound statement), or until the
end of the compound statement; at the end of a compound statement the state for the pragma is restored to its condition
just before the compound statement. If this pragma is used in any other context, the behavior is undefined. If part of an
application tests floating-point status flags, sets floating-point control modes, or runs under non-default mode set-
tings, but was translated with the state for the FENV_ACCESS pragma off, the behavior is undefined. The default state (on
or off) for the pragma is implementation-defined. (When execution passes from a part of the application translated with
FENV_ACCESS off to a part translated with FENV_ACCESS on, the state of the floating-point status flags is unspecified and
the floating-point control modes have their default settings.)
The following sections are informative.
APPLICATION USAGE
This header is designed to support the floating-point exception status flags and directed-rounding control modes required
by the IEC 60559:1989 standard, and other similar floating-point state information. Also it is designed to facilitate
code portability among all systems.
Certain application programming conventions support the intended model of use for the floating-point environment:
* A function call does not alter its caller's floating-point control modes, clear its caller's floating-point status
flags, nor depend on the state of its caller's floating-point status flags unless the function is so documented.
* A function call is assumed to require default floating-point control modes, unless its documentation promises other-
wise.
* A function call is assumed to have the potential for raising floating-point exceptions, unless its documentation prom-
ises otherwise.
With these conventions, an application can safely assume default floating-point control modes (or be unaware of them).
The responsibilities associated with accessing the floating-point environment fall on the application that does so
explicitly.
Even though the rounding direction macros may expand to constants corresponding to the values of FLT_ROUNDS, they are not
required to do so.
For example:
#include <fenv.h>
void f(double x)
{
#pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS ON
void g(double);
void h(double);
/* ... */
g(x + 1);
h(x + 1);
/* ... */
}
If the function g() might depend on status flags set as a side effect of the first x+1, or if the second x+1 might depend
on control modes set as a side effect of the call to function g(), then the application shall contain an appropriately
placed invocation as follows:
#pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS ON
RATIONALE
The fexcept_t Type
fexcept_t does not have to be an integer type. Its values must be obtained by a call to fegetexceptflag(), and cannot be
created by logical operations from the exception macros. An implementation might simply implement fexcept_t as an int and
use the representations reflected by the exception macros, but is not required to; other representations might contain
extra information about the exceptions. fexcept_t might be a struct with a member for each exception (that might hold
the address of the first or last floating-point instruction that caused that exception). The ISO/IEC 9899:1999 standard
makes no claims about the internals of an fexcept_t, and so the user cannot inspect it.
Exception and Rounding Macros
Macros corresponding to unsupported modes and rounding directions are not defined by the implementation and must not be
defined by the application. An application might use #ifdef to test for this.
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
None.
SEE ALSO
The System Interfaces volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, feclearexcept(), fegetenv(), fegetexceptflag(), fegetround(),
feholdexcept(), feraiseexcept(), fesetenv(), fesetexceptflag(), fesetround(), fetestexcept(), feupdateenv()
COPYRIGHT
Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition, Standard for
Information Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6, Copy-
right (C) 2001-2003 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the event of any
discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group
Standard is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at http://www.open-
group.org/unix/online.html .
IEEE/The Open Group 2003 <fenv.h>(0P)
