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FTP(1) BSD General Commands Manual FTP(1)

NAME
ftp -- Internet file transfer program

SYNOPSIS
ftp [-pinegvd] [host]
pftp [-inegvd] [host]

DESCRIPTION
Ftp is the user interface to the Internet standard File Transfer Protocol. The program allows a user to transfer files to
and from a remote network site.

Options may be specified at the command line, or to the command interpreter.

-p Use passive mode for data transfers. Allows use of ftp in environments where a firewall prevents connections from the
outside world back to the client machine. Requires that the ftp server support the PASV command. This is the default
now for all clients (ftp and pftp) due to security concerns using the PORT transfer mode. The flag is kept for com-
patibility only and has no effect anymore.

-i Turns off interactive prompting during multiple file transfers.

-n Restrains ftp from attempting ``auto-login'' upon initial connection. If auto-login is enabled, ftp will check the
.netrc (see netrc(5)) file in the user's home directory for an entry describing an account on the remote machine. If
no entry exists, ftp will prompt for the remote machine login name (default is the user identity on the local
machine), and, if necessary, prompt for a password and an account with which to login.

-e Disables command editing and history support, if it was compiled into the ftp executable. Otherwise, does nothing.

-g Disables file name globbing.

-m The default requires that ftp explicitly binds to the same interface for the data channel as the control channel in
passive mode. Useful on multi-homed clients. This option disables this behavior.

-v Verbose option forces ftp to show all responses from the remote server, as well as report on data transfer statis-
tics.

-d Enables debugging.

The client host with which ftp is to communicate may be specified on the command line. If this is done, ftp will immedi-
ately attempt to establish a connection to an FTP server on that host; otherwise, ftp will enter its command interpreter
and await instructions from the user. When ftp is awaiting commands from the user the prompt `ftp>' is provided to the
user. The following commands are recognized by ftp:

! [command [args]]
Invoke an interactive shell on the local machine. If there are arguments, the first is taken to be a command
to execute directly, with the rest of the arguments as its arguments.

$ macro-name [args]
Execute the macro macro-name that was defined with the macdef command. Arguments are passed to the macro
unglobbed.

account [passwd]
Supply a supplemental password required by a remote system for access to resources once a login has been suc-
cessfully completed. If no argument is included, the user will be prompted for an account password in a non-
echoing input mode.

append local-file [remote-file]
Append a local file to a file on the remote machine. If remote-file is left unspecified, the local file name
is used in naming the remote file after being altered by any ntrans or nmap setting. File transfer uses the
current settings for type, format, mode, and structure.

ascii Set the file transfer type to network ASCII. This is the default type.

bell Arrange that a bell be sounded after each file transfer command is completed.

binary Set the file transfer type to support binary image transfer.

bye Terminate the FTP session with the remote server and exit ftp. An end of file will also terminate the session
and exit.

case Toggle remote computer file name case mapping during mget commands. When case is on (default is off), remote
computer file names with all letters in upper case are written in the local directory with the letters mapped
to lower case.

cd remote-directory
Change the working directory on the remote machine to remote-directory.

cdup Change the remote machine working directory to the parent of the current remote machine working directory.

chmod mode file-name
Change the permission modes of the file file-name on the remote sytem to mode.

close Terminate the FTP session with the remote server, and return to the command interpreter. Any defined macros
are erased.

cr Toggle carriage return stripping during ascii type file retrieval. Records are denoted by a carriage
return/linefeed sequence during ascii type file transfer. When cr is on (the default), carriage returns are
stripped from this sequence to conform with the UNIX single linefeed record delimiter. Records on non-UNIX
remote systems may contain single linefeeds; when an ascii type transfer is made, these linefeeds may be dis-
tinguished from a record delimiter only when cr is off.

delete remote-file
Delete the file remote-file on the remote machine.

debug [debug-value]
Toggle debugging mode. If an optional debug-value is specified it is used to set the debugging level. When
debugging is on, ftp prints each command sent to the remote machine, preceded by the string `-->'

dir [remote-directory] [local-file]
Print a listing of the directory contents in the directory, remote-directory, and, optionally, placing the out-
put in local-file. If interactive prompting is on, ftp will prompt the user to verify that the last argument
is indeed the target local file for receiving dir output. If no directory is specified, the current working
directory on the remote machine is used. If no local file is specified, or local-file is -, output comes to
the terminal.

disconnect A synonym for close.

form format
Set the file transfer form to format. The default format is ``file''.

get remote-file [local-file]
Retrieve the remote-file and store it on the local machine. If the local file name is not specified, it is
given the same name it has on the remote machine, subject to alteration by the current case, ntrans, and nmap
settings. The current settings for type, form, mode, and structure are used while transferring the file.

glob Toggle filename expansion for mdelete, mget and mput. If globbing is turned off with glob, the file name argu-
ments are taken literally and not expanded. Globbing for mput is done as in csh(1). For mdelete and mget,
each remote file name is expanded separately on the remote machine and the lists are not merged. Expansion of
a directory name is likely to be different from expansion of the name of an ordinary file: the exact result
depends on the foreign operating system and ftp server, and can be previewed by doing `mls remote-files -'
Note: mget and mput are not meant to transfer entire directory subtrees of files. That can be done by trans-
ferring a tar(1) archive of the subtree (in binary mode).

hash Toggle hash-sign (``#'') printing for each data block transferred. The size of a data block is 1024 bytes.

help [command]
Print an informative message about the meaning of command. If no argument is given, ftp prints a list of the
known commands.

idle [seconds]
Set the inactivity timer on the remote server to seconds seconds. If seconds is ommitted, the current inactiv-
ity timer is printed.

lcd [directory]
Change the working directory on the local machine. If no directory is specified, the user's home directory is
used.

ls [remote-directory] [local-file]
Print a listing of the contents of a directory on the remote machine. The listing includes any system-depen-
dent information that the server chooses to include; for example, most UNIX systems will produce output from
the command `ls -l'. (See also nlist.) If remote-directory is left unspecified, the current working directory
is used. If interactive prompting is on, ftp will prompt the user to verify that the last argument is indeed
the target local file for receiving ls output. If no local file is specified, or if local-file is `-', the
output is sent to the terminal.

macdef macro-name
Define a macro. Subsequent lines are stored as the macro macro-name; a null line (consecutive newline charac-
ters in a file or carriage returns from the terminal) terminates macro input mode. There is a limit of 16
macros and 4096 total characters in all defined macros. Macros remain defined until a close command is exe-
cuted. The macro processor interprets `$' and `\' as special characters. A `$' followed by a number (or num-
bers) is replaced by the corresponding argument on the macro invocation command line. A `$' followed by an `i'
signals that macro processor that the executing macro is to be looped. On the first pass `$i' is replaced by
the first argument on the macro invocation command line, on the second pass it is replaced by the second argu-
ment, and so on. A `\' followed by any character is replaced by that character. Use the `\' to prevent spe-
cial treatment of the `$'.

mdelete [remote-files]
Delete the remote-files on the remote machine.

mdir remote-files local-file
Like dir, except multiple remote files may be specified. If interactive prompting is on, ftp will prompt the
user to verify that the last argument is indeed the target local file for receiving mdir output.

mget remote-files
Expand the remote-files on the remote machine and do a get for each file name thus produced. See glob for
details on the filename expansion. Resulting file names will then be processed according to case, ntrans, and
nmap settings. Files are transferred into the local working directory, which can be changed with `lcd
directory'; new local directories can be created with `! mkdir directory'.

mkdir directory-name
Make a directory on the remote machine.

mls remote-files local-file
Like nlist, except multiple remote files may be specified, and the local-file must be specified. If interac-
tive prompting is on, ftp will prompt the user to verify that the last argument is indeed the target local file
for receiving mls output.

mode [mode-name]
Set the file transfer mode to mode-name. The default mode is ``stream'' mode.

modtime file-name
Show the last modification time of the file on the remote machine.

mput local-files
Expand wild cards in the list of local files given as arguments and do a put for each file in the resulting
list. See glob for details of filename expansion. Resulting file names will then be processed according to
ntrans and nmap settings.

newer file-name [local-file]
Get the file only if the modification time of the remote file is more recent that the file on the current sys-
tem. If the file does not exist on the current system, the remote file is considered newer. Otherwise, this
command is identical to get.

nlist [remote-directory] [local-file]
Print a list of the files in a directory on the remote machine. If remote-directory is left unspecified, the
current working directory is used. If interactive prompting is on, ftp will prompt the user to verify that the
last argument is indeed the target local file for receiving nlist output. If no local file is specified, or if
local-file is -, the output is sent to the terminal.

nmap [inpattern outpattern]
Set or unset the filename mapping mechanism. If no arguments are specified, the filename mapping mechanism is
unset. If arguments are specified, remote filenames are mapped during mput commands and put commands issued
without a specified remote target filename. If arguments are specified, local filenames are mapped during mget
commands and get commands issued without a specified local target filename. This command is useful when con-
necting to a non-UNIX remote computer with different file naming conventions or practices. The mapping follows
the pattern set by inpattern and outpattern. [Inpattern] is a template for incoming filenames (which may have
already been processed according to the ntrans and case settings). Variable templating is accomplished by
including the sequences `$1', `$2', ..., `$9' in inpattern. Use `\' to prevent this special treatment of the
`$' character. All other characters are treated literally, and are used to determine the nmap [inpattern]
variable values. For example, given inpattern $1.$2 and the remote file name "mydata.data", $1 would have the
value "mydata", and $2 would have the value "data". The outpattern determines the resulting mapped filename.
The sequences `$1', `$2', ...., `$9' are replaced by any value resulting from the inpattern template. The
sequence `$0' is replace by the original filename. Additionally, the sequence `[seq1, seq2]' is replaced by
[seq1] if seq1 is not a null string; otherwise it is replaced by seq2. For example, the command

nmap $1.$2.$3 [$1,$2].[$2,file]

would yield the output filename "myfile.data" for input filenames "myfile.data" and "myfile.data.old",
"myfile.file" for the input filename "myfile", and "myfile.myfile" for the input filename ".myfile". Spaces
may be included in outpattern, as in the example: `nmap $1 sed "s/ *$//" > $1' . Use the `\' character to
prevent special treatment of the `$','[','[', and `,' characters.

ntrans [inchars [outchars]]
Set or unset the filename character translation mechanism. If no arguments are specified, the filename charac-
ter translation mechanism is unset. If arguments are specified, characters in remote filenames are translated
during mput commands and put commands issued without a specified remote target filename. If arguments are
specified, characters in local filenames are translated during mget commands and get commands issued without a
specified local target filename. This command is useful when connecting to a non-UNIX remote computer with
different file naming conventions or practices. Characters in a filename matching a character in inchars are
replaced with the corresponding character in outchars. If the character's position in inchars is longer than
the length of outchars, the character is deleted from the file name.

open host [port]
Establish a connection to the specified host FTP server. An optional port number may be supplied, in which
case, ftp will attempt to contact an FTP server at that port. If the auto-login option is on (default), ftp
will also attempt to automatically log the user in to the FTP server (see below).

prompt Toggle interactive prompting. Interactive prompting occurs during multiple file transfers to allow the user to
selectively retrieve or store files. If prompting is turned off (default is on), any mget or mput will trans-
fer all files, and any mdelete will delete all files.

proxy ftp-command
Execute an ftp command on a secondary control connection. This command allows simultaneous connection to two
remote ftp servers for transferring files between the two servers. The first proxy command should be an open,
to establish the secondary control connection. Enter the command "proxy ?" to see other ftp commands exe-
cutable on the secondary connection. The following commands behave differently when prefaced by proxy: open
will not define new macros during the auto-login process, close will not erase existing macro definitions, get
and mget transfer files from the host on the primary control connection to the host on the secondary control
connection, and put, mput, and append transfer files from the host on the secondary control connection to the
host on the primary control connection. Third party file transfers depend upon support of the ftp protocol
PASV command by the server on the secondary control connection.

put local-file [remote-file]
Store a local file on the remote machine. If remote-file is left unspecified, the local file name is used
after processing according to any ntrans or nmap settings in naming the remote file. File transfer uses the
current settings for type, format, mode, and structure.

pwd Print the name of the current working directory on the remote machine.

quit A synonym for bye.

quote arg1 arg2 ...
The arguments specified are sent, verbatim, to the remote FTP server.

recv remote-file [local-file]
A synonym for get.

reget remote-file [local-file]
Reget acts like get, except that if local-file exists and is smaller than remote-file, local-file is presumed
to be a partially transferred copy of remote-file and the transfer is continued from the apparent point of
failure. This command is useful when transferring very large files over networks that are prone to dropping
connections.

remotehelp [command-name]
Request help from the remote FTP server. If a command-name is specified it is supplied to the server as well.

remotestatus [file-name]
With no arguments, show status of remote machine. If file-name is specified, show status of file-name on
remote machine.

rename [from] [to]
Rename the file from on the remote machine, to the file to.

reset Clear reply queue. This command re-synchronizes command/reply sequencing with the remote ftp server. Resyn-
chronization may be necessary following a violation of the ftp protocol by the remote server.

restart marker
Restart the immediately following get or put at the indicated marker. On UNIX systems, marker is usually a
byte offset into the file.

rmdir directory-name
Delete a directory on the remote machine.

runique Toggle storing of files on the local system with unique filenames. If a file already exists with a name equal
to the target local filename for a get or mget command, a ".1" is appended to the name. If the resulting name
matches another existing file, a ".2" is appended to the original name. If this process continues up to ".99",
an error message is printed, and the transfer does not take place. The generated unique filename will be
reported. Note that runique will not affect local files generated from a shell command (see below). The
default value is off.

send local-file [remote-file]
A synonym for put.

sendport Toggle the use of PORT commands. By default, ftp will attempt to use a PORT command when establishing a con-
nection for each data transfer. The use of PORT commands can prevent delays when performing multiple file
transfers. If the PORT command fails, ftp will use the default data port. When the use of PORT commands is
disabled, no attempt will be made to use PORT commands for each data transfer. This is useful for certain FTP
implementations which do ignore PORT commands but, incorrectly, indicate they've been accepted.

site arg1 arg2 ...
The arguments specified are sent, verbatim, to the remote FTP server as a SITE command.

size file-name
Return size of file-name on remote machine.

status Show the current status of ftp.

struct [struct-name]
Set the file transfer structure to struct-name. By default ``stream'' structure is used.

sunique Toggle storing of files on remote machine under unique file names. Remote ftp server must support ftp protocol
STOU command for successful completion. The remote server will report unique name. Default value is off.

system Show the type of operating system running on the remote machine.

tenex Set the file transfer type to that needed to talk to TENEX machines.

trace Toggle packet tracing.

type [type-name]
Set the file transfer type to type-name. If no type is specified, the current type is printed. The default
type is network ASCII.

umask [newmask]
Set the default umask on the remote server to newmask. If newmask is ommitted, the current umask is printed.

user user-name [password] [account]
Identify yourself to the remote FTP server. If the password is not specified and the server requires it, ftp
will prompt the user for it (after disabling local echo). If an account field is not specified, and the FTP
server requires it, the user will be prompted for it. If an account field is specified, an account command
will be relayed to the remote server after the login sequence is completed if the remote server did not require
it for logging in. Unless ftp is invoked with ``auto-login'' disabled, this process is done automatically on
initial connection to the FTP server.

verbose Toggle verbose mode. In verbose mode, all responses from the FTP server are displayed to the user. In addi-
tion, if verbose is on, when a file transfer completes, statistics regarding the efficiency of the transfer are
reported. By default, verbose is on.

? [command]
A synonym for help.

Command arguments which have embedded spaces may be quoted with quote `"' marks.

ABORTING A FILE TRANSFER
To abort a file transfer, use the terminal interrupt key (usually Ctrl-C). Sending transfers will be immediately halted.
Receiving transfers will be halted by sending a ftp protocol ABOR command to the remote server, and discarding any further
data received. The speed at which this is accomplished depends upon the remote server's support for ABOR processing. If
the remote server does not support the ABOR command, an `ftp>' prompt will not appear until the remote server has completed
sending the requested file.

The terminal interrupt key sequence will be ignored when ftp has completed any local processing and is awaiting a reply
from the remote server. A long delay in this mode may result from the ABOR processing described above, or from unexpected
behavior by the remote server, including violations of the ftp protocol. If the delay results from unexpected remote
server behavior, the local ftp program must be killed by hand.

FILE NAMING CONVENTIONS
Files specified as arguments to ftp commands are processed according to the following rules.

1. If the file name `-' is specified, the stdin (for reading) or stdout (for writing) is used.

2. If the first character of the file name is `|', the remainder of the argument is interpreted as a shell command. Ftp
then forks a shell, using popen(3) with the argument supplied, and reads (writes) from the stdout (stdin). If the
shell command includes spaces, the argument must be quoted; e.g. ``" ls -lt"''. A particularly useful example of
this mechanism is: ``dir more''.

3. Failing the above checks, if ``globbing'' is enabled, local file names are expanded according to the rules used in the
csh(1); c.f. the glob command. If the ftp command expects a single local file (.e.g. put), only the first filename
generated by the "globbing" operation is used.

4. For mget commands and get commands with unspecified local file names, the local filename is the remote filename, which
may be altered by a case, ntrans, or nmap setting. The resulting filename may then be altered if runique is on.

5. For mput commands and put commands with unspecified remote file names, the remote filename is the local filename,
which may be altered by a ntrans or nmap setting. The resulting filename may then be altered by the remote server if
sunique is on.

FILE TRANSFER PARAMETERS
The FTP specification specifies many parameters which may affect a file transfer. The type may be one of ``ascii'',
``image'' (binary), ``ebcdic'', and ``local byte size'' (for PDP-10's and PDP-20's mostly). Ftp supports the ascii and
image types of file transfer, plus local byte size 8 for tenex mode transfers.

Ftp supports only the default values for the remaining file transfer parameters: mode, form, and struct.

ENVIRONMENT
Ftp utilizes the following environment variables.

HOME For default location of a .netrc file, if one exists.

SHELL For default shell.