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FUSER(1P) POSIX Programmer's Manual FUSER(1P)

PROLOG
This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual. The Linux implementation of this interface may differ (con-
sult the corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior), or the interface may not be implemented on
Linux.

NAME
fuser - list process IDs of all processes that have one or more files open

SYNOPSIS
fuser [ -cfu ] file ...

DESCRIPTION
The fuser utility shall write to standard output the process IDs of processes running on the local system that have one
or more named files open. For block special devices, all processes using any file on that device are listed.

The fuser utility shall write to standard error additional information about the named files indicating how the file is
being used.

Any output for processes running on remote systems that have a named file open is unspecified.

A user may need appropriate privilege to invoke the fuser utility.

OPTIONS
The fuser utility shall conform to the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, Section 12.2, Utility Syntax
Guidelines.

The following options shall be supported:

-c The file is treated as a mount point and the utility shall report on any files open in the file system.

-f The report shall be only for the named files.

-u The user name, in parentheses, associated with each process ID written to standard output shall be written to
standard error.

OPERANDS
The following operand shall be supported:

file A pathname on which the file or file system is to be reported.

STDIN
Not used.

INPUT FILES
The user database.

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
The following environment variables shall affect the execution of fuser:

LANG Provide a default value for the internationalization variables that are unset or null. (See the Base Definitions
volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, Section 8.2, Internationalization Variables for the precedence of international-
ization variables used to determine the values of locale categories.)

LC_ALL If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of all the other internationalization variables.

LC_CTYPE
Determine the locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes of text data as characters (for example, single-
byte as opposed to multi-byte characters in arguments).

LC_MESSAGES
Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format and contents of diagnostic messages written to stan-
dard error.

NLSPATH
Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing of LC_MESSAGES .

ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
Default.

STDOUT
The fuser utility shall write the process ID for each process using each file given as an operand to standard output in
the following format:

"%d", <process_id>

STDERR
The fuser utility shall write diagnostic messages to standard error.

The fuser utility also shall write the following to standard error:

* The pathname of each named file is written followed immediately by a colon.

* For each process ID written to standard output, the character 'c' shall be written to standard error if the process is
using the file as its current directory and the character 'r' shall be written to standard error if the process is
using the file as its root directory. Implementations may write other alphabetic characters to indicate other uses of
files.

* When the -u option is specified, characters indicating the use of the file shall be followed immediately by the user
name, in parentheses, corresponding to the process' real user ID. If the user name cannot be resolved from the
process' real user ID, the process' real user ID shall be written instead of the user name.

When standard output and standard error are directed to the same file, the output shall be interleaved so that the file-
name appears at the start of each line, followed by the process ID and characters indicating the use of the file. Then,
if the -u option is specified, the user name or user ID for each process using that file shall be written.

A <newline> shall be written to standard error after the last output described above for each file operand.

OUTPUT FILES
None.

EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
None.

EXIT STATUS
The following exit values shall be returned:

0 Successful completion.

>0 An error occurred.

CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
Default.

The following sections are informative.

APPLICATION USAGE
None.

EXAMPLES
The command:

fuser -fu .

writes to standard output the process IDs of processes that are using the current directory and writes to standard error
an indication of how those processes are using the directory and the user names associated with the processes that are
using the current directory.

RATIONALE
The definition of the fuser utility follows existing practice.

FUTURE DIRECTIONS
None.