INSERT(7)                                                 SQL Commands                                                 INSERT(7)



NAME
       INSERT - create new rows in a table


SYNOPSIS
       INSERT INTO table [ ( column [, ...] ) ]
           { DEFAULT VALUES | VALUES ( { expression | DEFAULT } [, ...] ) [, ...] | query }
           [ RETURNING * | output_expression [ [ AS ] output_name ] [, ...] ]


DESCRIPTION
       INSERT  inserts  new  rows into a table.  One can insert one or more rows specified by value expressions, or zero or more
       rows resulting from a query.

       The target column names can be listed in any order. If no list of column names is given at all, the default  is  all  the
       columns  of  the  table in their declared order; or the first N column names, if there are only N columns supplied by the
       VALUES clause or query. The values supplied by the VALUES clause or query are associated with the  explicit  or  implicit
       column list left-to-right.

       Each  column not present in the explicit or implicit column list will be filled with a default value, either its declared
       default value or null if there is none.

       If the expression for any column is not of the correct data type, automatic type conversion will be attempted.

       The optional RETURNING clause causes INSERT to compute and return value(s) based on each row actually inserted.  This  is
       primarily  useful  for  obtaining  values  that were supplied by defaults, such as a serial sequence number. However, any
       expression using the table's columns is allowed. The syntax of the RETURNING list is identical to that of the output list
       of SELECT.

       You must have INSERT privilege on a table in order to insert into it. If a column list is specified, you only need INSERT
       privilege on the listed columns.  Use of the RETURNING clause requires SELECT  privilege  on  all  columns  mentioned  in
       RETURNING.   If  you use the query clause to insert rows from a query, you of course need to have SELECT privilege on any
       table or column used in the query.

PARAMETERS
       table  The name (optionally schema-qualified) of an existing table.

       column The name of a column in table.  The column name can be qualified with a  subfield  name  or  array  subscript,  if
              needed. (Inserting into only some fields of a composite column leaves the other fields null.)

       DEFAULT VALUES
              All columns will be filled with their default values.

       expression
              An expression or value to assign to the corresponding column.

       DEFAULT
              The corresponding column will be filled with its default value.

       query  A  query (SELECT statement) that supplies the rows to be inserted. Refer to the SELECT [select(7)] statement for a
              description of the syntax.

       output_expression
              An expression to be computed and returned by the INSERT command after each row is inserted. The expression can use
              any column names of the table.  Write * to return all columns of the inserted row(s).

       output_name
              A name to use for a returned column.

OUTPUTS
       On successful completion, an INSERT command returns a command tag of the form

       INSERT oid count

       The  count  is  the  number of rows inserted. If count is exactly one, and the target table has OIDs, then oid is the OID
       assigned to the inserted row. Otherwise oid is zero.

       If the INSERT command contains a RETURNING clause, the result will be similar to that of a  SELECT  statement  containing
       the columns and values defined in the RETURNING list, computed over the row(s) inserted by the command.

EXAMPLES
       Insert a single row into table films:

       INSERT INTO films VALUES
           ('UA502', 'Bananas', 105, '1971-07-13', 'Comedy', '82 minutes');


       In this example, the len column is omitted and therefore it will have the default value:

       INSERT INTO films (code, title, did, date_prod, kind)
           VALUES ('T_601', 'Yojimbo', 106, '1961-06-16', 'Drama');


       This example uses the DEFAULT clause for the date columns rather than specifying a value:

       INSERT INTO films VALUES
           ('UA502', 'Bananas', 105, DEFAULT, 'Comedy', '82 minutes');
       INSERT INTO films (code, title, did, date_prod, kind)
           VALUES ('T_601', 'Yojimbo', 106, DEFAULT, 'Drama');


       To insert a row consisting entirely of default values:

       INSERT INTO films DEFAULT VALUES;


       To insert multiple rows using the multirow VALUES syntax:

       INSERT INTO films (code, title, did, date_prod, kind) VALUES
           ('B6717', 'Tampopo', 110, '1985-02-10', 'Comedy'),
           ('HG120', 'The Dinner Game', 140, DEFAULT, 'Comedy');


       This example inserts some rows into table films from a table tmp_films with the same column layout as films:

       INSERT INTO films SELECT * FROM tmp_films WHERE date_prod < '2004-05-07';


       This example inserts into array columns:

       -- Create an empty 3x3 gameboard for noughts-and-crosses
       INSERT INTO tictactoe (game, board[1:3][1:3])
           VALUES (1, '{{" "," "," "},{" "," "," "},{" "," "," "}}');
       -- The subscripts in the above example aren't really needed
       INSERT INTO tictactoe (game, board)
           VALUES (2, '{{X," "," "},{" ",O," "},{" ",X," "}}');


       Insert a single row into table distributors, returning the sequence number generated by the DEFAULT clause:

       INSERT INTO distributors (did, dname) VALUES (DEFAULT, 'XYZ Widgets')
          RETURNING did;


COMPATIBILITY
       INSERT  conforms to the SQL standard, except that the RETURNING clause is a PostgreSQL extension. Also, the case in which
       a column name list is omitted, but not all the columns are filled from the VALUES clause or query, is disallowed  by  the
       standard.

       Possible limitations of the query clause are documented under SELECT [select(7)].



SQL - Language Statements                                  2011-09-22                                                  INSERT(7)