PAM_NAMESPACE(8)                                        Linux-PAM Manual                                        PAM_NAMESPACE(8)



NAME
       pam_namespace - PAM module for configuring namespace for a session

SYNOPSIS
       pam_namespace.so [debug] [unmnt_remnt] [unmnt_only] [require_selinux] [gen_hash] [ignore_config_error]
                        [ignore_instance_parent_mode] [no_unmount_on_close] [use_current_context] [use_default_context]

DESCRIPTION
       The pam_namespace PAM module sets up a private namespace for a session with polyinstantiated directories. A
       polyinstantiated directory provides a different instance of itself based on user name, or when using SELinux, user name,
       security context or both. If an executable script /etc/security/namespace.init exists, it is used to initialize the
       instance directory after it is set up and mounted on the polyinstantiated directory. The script receives the
       polyinstantiated directory path, the instance directory path, flag whether the instance directory was newly created (0
       for no, 1 for yes), and the user name as its arguments.

       The pam_namespace module disassociates the session namespace from the parent namespace. Any mounts/unmounts performed in
       the parent namespace, such as mounting of devices, are not reflected in the session namespace. To propagate selected
       mount/unmount events from the parent namespace into the disassociated session namespace, an administrator may use the
       special shared-subtree feature. For additional information on shared-subtree feature, please refer to the mount(8) man
       page and the shared-subtree description at http://lwn.net/Articles/159077 and http://lwn.net/Articles/159092.

OPTIONS
       debug
           A lot of debug information is logged using syslog

       unmnt_remnt
           For programs such as su and newrole, the login session has already setup a polyinstantiated namespace. For these
           programs, polyinstantiation is performed based on new user id or security context, however the command first needs to
           undo the polyinstantiation performed by login. This argument instructs the command to first undo previous
           polyinstantiation before proceeding with new polyinstantiation based on new id/context

       unmnt_only
           For trusted programs that want to undo any existing bind mounts and process instance directories on their own, this
           argument allows them to unmount currently mounted instance directories

       require_selinux
           If selinux is not enabled, return failure

       gen_hash
           Instead of using the security context string for the instance name, generate and use its md5 hash.

       ignore_config_error
           If a line in the configuration file corresponding to a polyinstantiated directory contains format error, skip that
           line process the next line. Without this option, pam will return an error to the calling program resulting in
           termination of the session.

       ignore_instance_parent_mode
           Instance parent directories by default are expected to have the restrictive mode of 000. Using this option, an
           administrator can choose to ignore the mode of the instance parent. This option should be used with caution as it
           will reduce security and isolation goals of the polyinstantiation mechanism.

       no_unmount_on_close
           For certain trusted programs such as newrole, open session is called from a child process while the parent performs
           close session and pam end functions. For these commands use this option to instruct pam_close_session to not unmount
           the bind mounted polyinstantiated directory in the parent.

       use_current_context
           Useful for services which do not change the SELinux context with setexeccon call. The module will use the current
           SELinux context of the calling process for the level and context polyinstantiation.

       use_default_context
           Useful for services which do not use pam_selinux for changing the SELinux context with setexeccon call. The module
           will use the default SELinux context of the user for the level and context polyinstantiation.

MODULE TYPES PROVIDED
       Only the session module type is provided. The module must not be called from multithreaded processes.

RETURN VALUES
       PAM_SUCCESS
           Namespace setup was successful.

       PAM_SERVICE_ERR
           Unexpected system error occurred while setting up namespace.

       PAM_SESSION_ERR
           Unexpected namespace configuration error occurred.

FILES
       /etc/security/namespace.conf
           Main configuration file

       /etc/security/namespace.d
           Directory for additional configuration files

       /etc/security/namespace.init
           Init script for instance directories

EXAMPLES
       For the <service>s you need polyinstantiation (login for example) put the following line in /etc/pam.d/<service> as the
       last line for session group:

       session required pam_namespace.so [arguments]

       To use polyinstantiation with graphical display manager gdm, insert the following line, before exit 0, in
       /etc/gdm/PostSession/Default:

       /usr/sbin/gdm-safe-restart

       This allows gdm to restart after each session and appropriately adjust namespaces of display manager and the X server. If
       polyinstantiation of /tmp is desired along with the graphical environment, then additional configuration changes are
       needed to address the interaction of X server and font server namespaces with their use of /tmp to create communication
       sockets. Please use the initialization script /etc/security/namespace.init to ensure that the X server and its clients
       can appropriately access the communication socket X0. Please refer to the sample instructions provided in the comment
       section of the instance initialization script /etc/security/namespace.init. In addition, perform the following changes to
       use graphical environment with polyinstantiation of /tmp:

                 1. Disable the use of font server by commenting out "FontPath"
                    line in /etc/X11/xorg.conf. If you do want to use the font server
                    then you will have to augment the instance initialization
                    script to appropriately provide /tmp/.font-unix from the
                    polyinstantiated /tmp.
                 2. Ensure that the gdm service is setup to use pam_namespace,
                    as described above, by modifying /etc/pam.d/gdm.
                 3. Ensure that the display manager is configured to restart X server
                    with each new session. This default setup can be verified by
                    making sure that /usr/share/gdm/defaults.conf contains
                    "AlwaysRestartServer=true", and it is not overridden by
                    /etc/gdm/custom.conf.



SEE ALSO
       namespace.conf(5), pam.d(5), mount(8), pam(8).

AUTHORS
       The namespace setup scheme was designed by Stephen Smalley, Janak Desai and Chad Sellers. The pam_namespace PAM module
       was developed by Janak Desai <janakATus.com>, Chad Sellers <csellersATtresys.com> and Steve Grubb <sgrubbATredhat.com>.
       Additional improvements by Xavier Toth <txtothATgmail.com> and Tomas Mraz <tmrazATredhat.com>.



Linux-PAM Manual                                           06/16/2009                                           PAM_NAMESPACE(8)