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PDFROFF(1) PDFROFF(1)

NAME
pdfroff - create PDF documents using groff

SYNOPSIS
pdfroff [-abcegilpstzCEGNRSUVXZ] [-d cs] [-f fam] [-F dir] [-I dir] [-L arg] [-m name] [-M dir] [-n num] [-o list]
[-P arg] [-r cn] [-T dev] [-w name] [-W name] [--emit-ps] [--no-toc-relocation] [--no-kill-null-pages]
[--stylesheet=name] [--no-pdf-output] [--pdf-output=name] [--no-reference-dictionary]
[--reference-dictionary=name] [--report-progress] [--keep-temporary-files] file ...
pdfroff -h | --help
pdfroff -v | --version [option ...]

DESCRIPTION
pdfroff is a wrapper program for the GNU text processing system, groff. It transparently handles the mechanics of multi-
ple pass groff processing, when applied to suitably marked up groff source files, such that tables of contents and body
text are formatted separately, and are subsequently combined in the correct order, for final publication as a single PDF
document. A further optional "style sheet" capability is provided; this allows for the definition of content which is
required to precede the table of contents, in the published document.

For each invocation of pdfroff, the ultimate groff output stream is post-processed by the GhostScript interpreter, to
produce a finished PDF document.

pdfroff makes no assumptions about, and imposes no restrictions on, the use of any groff macro packages which the user
may choose to employ, in order to achieve a desired document format; however, it does include specific built in support
for the pdfmark macro package, should the user choose to employ it. Specifically, if the pdfhref macro, defined in the
pdfmark.tmac package, is used to define public reference marks, or dynamic links to such reference marks, then pdfroff
performs as many preformatting groff passes as required, up to a maximum limit of four, in order to compile a document
reference dictionary, to resolve references, and to expand the dynamically defined content of links.

USAGE
The command line is parsed in accordance with normal GNU conventions, but with one exception -- when specifying any short
form option (i.e., a single character option introduced by a single hyphen), and if that option expects an argument, then
it must be specified independently (i.e., it may not be appended to any group of other single character short form
options).

Long form option names (i.e., those introduced by a double hyphen) may be abbreviated to their minimum length unambiguous
initial substring.

Otherwise, pdfroff usage closely mirrors that of groff itself. Indeed, with the exception of the -h, -v, and -T dev
short form options, and all long form options, which are parsed internally by pdfroff, all options and file name argu-
ments specified on the command line are passed on to groff, to control the formatting of the PDF document. Consequently,
pdfroff accepts all options and arguments, as specified in groff(1), which may also be considered as the definitive ref-
erence for all standard pdfroff options and argument usage.

OPTIONS
pdfroff accepts all of the short form options (i.e., those introduced by a single hyphen), which are available with groff
itself. In most cases, these are simply passed transparently to groff; the following, however, are handled specially by
pdfroff.

-h Same as --help; see below.

-i Process standard input, after all other specified input files. This is passed transparently to groff, but, if
grouped with other options, it must be the first in the group. Hiding it within a group breaks standard input
processing, in the multiple pass groff processing context of pdfroff.

-T dev Only -T ps is supported by pdfroff. Attempting to specify any other device causes pdfroff to abort.

-v Same as --version; see below.

See groff(1) for a description of all other short form options, which are transparently passed through pdfroff to groff.

All long form options (i.e., those introduced by a double hyphen) are interpreted locally by pdfroff; they are not passed
on to groff, unless otherwise stated below.

--help Causes pdfroff to display a summary of the its usage syntax, and supported options, and then exit.

--emit-ps
Suppresses the final output conversion step, causing pdfroff to emit PostScript output instead of PDF. This may
be useful, to capture intermediate PostScript output, when using a specialised postprocessor, such as gpresent for
example, in place of the default GhostScript PDF writer.

--keep-temporary-files
Suppresses the deletion of temporary files, which normally occurs after pdfroff has completed PDF document format-
ting; this may be useful, when debugging formatting problems.

See section FILES, for a description of the temporary files used by pdfroff.

--no-pdf-output
May be used with the --reference-dictionary=name option (described below) to eliminate the overhead of PDF format-
ting, when running pdfroff to create a reference dictionary, for use in a different document.

--no-reference-dictionary
May be used to eliminate the overhead of creating a reference dictionary, when it is known that the target PDF
document contains no public references, created by the pdfhref macro.

--no-toc-relocation
May be used to eliminate the extra groff processing pass, which is required to generate a table of contents, and
relocate it to the start of the PDF document, when processing any document which lacks an automatically generated
table of contents.

--no-kill-null-pages
While preparing for simulation of the manual collation step, which is traditionally required to relocate of a ta-
ble of contents to the start of a document, pdfroff accumulates a number of empty page descriptions into the
intermediate PostScript output stream. During the final collation step, these empty pages are normally discarded
from the finished document; this option forces pdfroff to leave them in place.

--pdf-output=name
Specifies the name to be used for the resultant PDF document; if unspecified, the PDF output is written to stan-
dard output. A future version of pdfroff may use this option, to encode the document name in a generated refer-
ence dictionary.

--reference-dictionary=name
Specifies the name to be used for the generated reference dictionary file; if unspecified, the reference dictio-
nary is created in a temporary file, which is deleted when pdfroff completes processing of the current document.
This option must be specified, if it is desired to save the reference dictionary, for use in references placed in
other PDF documents.

--report-progress
Causes pdfroff to display an informational message on standard error, at the start of each groff processing pass.

--stylesheet=name
Specifies the name of an input file, to be used as a style sheet for formatting of content, which is to be placed
before the table of contents, in the formatted PDF document.

--version
Causes pdfroff to display a version identification message. The entire command line is then passed transparently
to groff, in a one pass operation only, in order to display the associated groff version information, before exit-
ing.

ENVIRONMENT
The following environment variables may be set, and exported, to modify the behaviour of pdfroff.

PDFROFF_COLLATE
Specifies the program to be used for collation of the finshed PDF document.

This collation step may be required to move tables of contents to the start of the finished PDF document, when
formatting with traditional macro packages, which print them at the end. However, users should not normally need
to specify PDFROFF_COLLATE, (and indeed, are not encouraged to do so). If unspecified, pdfroff uses sed(1) by
default, which normally suffices.

If PDFROFF_COLLATE is specified, then it must act as a filter, accepting a list of file name arguments, and write
its output to the stdout stream, whence it is piped to the PDFROFF_POSTPROCESSOR_COMMAND, to produce the finished
PDF output.

When specifying PDFROFF_COLLATE, it is normally necessary to also specify PDFROFF_KILL_NULL_PAGES.

PDFROFF_COLLATE is ignored, if pdfroff is invoked with the --no-kill-null-pages option.

PDFROFF_KILL_NULL_PAGES
Specifies options to be passed to the PDFROFF_COLLATE program.

It should not normally be necessary to specify PDFROFF_KILL_NULL_PAGES. The internal default is a sed(1) script,
which is intended to remove completely blank pages from the collated output stream, and which should be appropri-
ate in most applications of pdfroff. However, if any alternative to sed(1) is specified for PDFROFF_COLLATE, then
it is likely that a corresponding alternative specification for PDFROFF_KILL_NULL_PAGES is required.

As in the case of PDFROFF_COLLATE, PDFROFF_KILL_NULL_PAGES is ignored, if pdfroff is invoked with the
--no-kill-null-pages option.

PDFROFF_POSTPROCESSOR_COMMAND
Specifies the command to be used for the final document conversion from PostScript intermediate output to PDF. It
must behave as a filter, writing its output to the stdout stream, and must accept an arbitrary number of files ...
arguments, with the special case of - representing the stdin stream.

If unspecified, PDFROFF_POSTPROCESSOR_COMMAND defaults to

gs -dBATCH -dQUIET -dNOPAUSE -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -sOutputFile=-

GROFF_TMPDIR
Identifies the directory in which pdfroff should create temporary files. If GROFF_TMPDIR is not specified, then
the variables TMPDIR, TMP and TEMP are considered in turn, as possible temporary file repositories. If none of
these are set, then temporary files are created in the current directory.

GROFF_GHOSTSCRIPT_INTERPRETER
Specifies the program to be invoked, when pdfroff converts groff PostScript output to PDF. If
PDFROFF_POSTPROCESSOR_COMMAND is specified, then the command name it specifies is implicitly assigned to
GROFF_GHOSTSCRIPT_INTERPRETER, overriding any explicit setting specified in the environment. If
GROFF_GHOSTSCRIPT_INTERPRETER is not specified, then pdfroff searches the process PATH, looking for a program with
any of the well known names for the GhostScript interpreter; if no GhostScript interpreter can be found, pdfroff
aborts.

GROFF_AWK_INTERPRETER
Specifies the program to be invoked, when pdfroff is extracting reference dictionary entries from a groff interme-
diate message stream. If GROFF_AWK_INTERPRETER is not specified, then pdfroff searches the process PATH, looking
for any of the preferred programs, `gawk', `mawk', `nawk' and `awk', in this order; if none of these are found,
pdfroff issues a warning message, and continue processing; however, in this case, no reference dictionary is cre-
ated.

OSTYPE Typically defined automatically by the operating system, OSTYPE is used on Microsoft Win32/MS-DOS platforms only,
to infer the default PATH_SEPARATOR character, which is used when parsing the process PATH to search for external
helper programs.

PATH_SEPARATOR
If set, PATH_SEPARATOR overrides the default separator character, (`:' on POSIX/UNIX systems, inferred from OSTYPE
on Microsoft Win32/MS-DOS), which is used when parsing the process PATH to search for external helper programs.

SHOW_PROGRESS
If this is set to a non-empty value, then pdfroff always behaves as if the --report-progress option is specified,
on the command line.

FILES
Input and output files for pdfroff may be named according to any convention of the user's choice. Typically, input files
may be named according to the choice of the principal formatting macro package, e.g., file.ms might be an input file for
formatting using the ms macros (s.tmac); normally, the final output file should be named file.pdf.

Temporary files, created by pdfroff, are placed in the directory specified by environment variables (see section ENVIRON-
MENT), and named according to the convention pdf$$.*, where $$ is the standard shell variable representing the process ID
of the pdfroff process itself, and * represents any of the extensions used by pdfroff to identify the following temporary
and intermediate files.

pdf$$.tmp
A scratch pad file, used to capture reference data emitted by groff, during the reference dictionary compilation
phase.

pdf$$.ref
The reference dictionary, as compiled in the last but one pass of the reference dictionary compilation phase; (at
the start of the first pass, this file is created empty; in successive passes, it contains the reference dictio-
nary entries, as collected in the preceding pass).

If the --reference-dictionary=name option is specified, this intermediate file becomes permanent, and is named
name, rather than pdf$$.ref.

pdf$$.cmp
Used to collect reference dictionary entries during the active pass of the reference dictionary compilation phase.
At the end of any pass, when the content of pdf$$.cmp compares as identical to pdf$$.ref, (or the corresponding
file named by the --reference-dictionary=name option), then reference dictionary compilation is terminated, and
the document reference map is appended to this intermediate file, for inclusion in the final formatting passes.

pdf$$.tc
An intermediate PostScript file, in which "Table of Contents" entries are collected, to facilitate relocation be-
fore the body text, on ultimate output to the GhostScript postprocessor.

pdf$$.ps
An intermediate PostScript file, in which the body text is collected prior to ultimate output to the GhostScript
postprocessor, in the proper sequence, after pdf$$.tc.

SEE ALSO
See groff(1) for the definitive reference to document formatting with groff. Since pdfroff provides a superset of all
groff capabilities, groff(1) may also be considered to be the definitive reference to all standard capabilities of
pdfroff, with this document providing the reference to pdfroff's extended features.

While pdfroff imposes neither any restriction on, nor any requirement for, the use of any specific groff macro package, a
number of supplied macro packages, and in particular those associated with the package pdfmark.tmac, are best suited for
use with pdfroff as the preferred formatter. Detailed documentation on the use of these packages may be found, in PDF
format, in the reference guide "Portable Document Format Publishing with GNU Troff", included in the installed documenta-
tion set as /usr/share/doc/groff/1.20.1/pdf/pdfmark.pdf.

This man page is distributed under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License (FDL), version 1.3 or later, and is
part of the GNU troff software package. It was originally written by Keith Marshall <keith.d.marshallATntlworld.com>, who
also wrote the implementation of the pdfroff program, to which it relates.

You should have received a copy of the FDL as part of the GNU troff distribution; it is also available on-line, at the
GNU copyleft site <http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html>;.

Groff Version 1.20.1 9 January 2009 PDFROFF(1)