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CLOSELOG(3P) POSIX Programmer's Manual CLOSELOG(3P)
PROLOG
This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual. The Linux implementation of this interface may differ (con-
sult the corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior), or the interface may not be implemented on
Linux.
NAME
closelog, openlog, setlogmask, syslog - control system log
SYNOPSIS
#include <syslog.h>
void closelog(void);
void openlog(const char *ident, int logopt, int facility);
int setlogmask(int maskpri);
void syslog(int priority, const char *message, ... /* arguments */);
DESCRIPTION
The syslog() function shall send a message to an implementation-defined logging facility, which may log it in an imple-
mentation-defined system log, write it to the system console, forward it to a list of users, or forward it to the logging
facility on another host over the network. The logged message shall include a message header and a message body. The mes-
sage header contains at least a timestamp and a tag string.
The message body is generated from the message and following arguments in the same manner as if these were arguments to
printf(), except that the additional conversion specification %m shall be recognized; it shall convert no arguments,
shall cause the output of the error message string associated with the value of errno on entry to syslog(), and may be
mixed with argument specifications of the "%n$" form. If a complete conversion specification with the m conversion spec-
ifier character is not just %m, the behavior is undefined. A trailing <newline> may be added if needed.
Values of the priority argument are formed by OR'ing together a severity-level value and an optional facility value. If
no facility value is specified, the current default facility value is used.
Possible values of severity level include:
LOG_EMERG
A panic condition.
LOG_ALERT
A condition that should be corrected immediately, such as a corrupted system database.
LOG_CRIT
Critical conditions, such as hard device errors.
LOG_ERR
Errors.
LOG_WARNING
Warning messages.
LOG_NOTICE
Conditions that are not error conditions, but that may require special handling.
LOG_INFO
Informational messages.
LOG_DEBUG
Messages that contain information normally of use only when debugging a program.
The facility indicates the application or system component generating the message. Possible facility values include:
LOG_USER
Messages generated by arbitrary processes. This is the default facility identifier if none is specified.
LOG_LOCAL0
Reserved for local use.
LOG_LOCAL1
Reserved for local use.
LOG_LOCAL2
Reserved for local use.
LOG_LOCAL3
Reserved for local use.
LOG_LOCAL4
Reserved for local use.
LOG_LOCAL5
Reserved for local use.
LOG_LOCAL6
Reserved for local use.
LOG_LOCAL7
Reserved for local use.
The openlog() function shall set process attributes that affect subsequent calls to syslog(). The ident argument is a
string that is prepended to every message. The logopt argument indicates logging options. Values for logopt are con-
structed by a bitwise-inclusive OR of zero or more of the following:
LOG_PID
Log the process ID with each message. This is useful for identifying specific processes.
LOG_CONS
Write messages to the system console if they cannot be sent to the logging facility. The syslog() function ensures
that the process does not acquire the console as a controlling terminal in the process of writing the message.
LOG_NDELAY
Open the connection to the logging facility immediately. Normally the open is delayed until the first message is
logged. This is useful for programs that need to manage the order in which file descriptors are allocated.
LOG_ODELAY
Delay open until syslog() is called.
LOG_NOWAIT
Do not wait for child processes that may have been created during the course of logging the message. This option
should be used by processes that enable notification of child termination using SIGCHLD, since syslog() may other-
wise block waiting for a child whose exit status has already been collected.
The facility argument encodes a default facility to be assigned to all messages that do not have an explicit facility
already encoded. The initial default facility is LOG_USER.
The openlog() and syslog() functions may allocate a file descriptor. It is not necessary to call openlog() prior to call-
ing syslog().
The closelog() function shall close any open file descriptors allocated by previous calls to openlog() or syslog().
The setlogmask() function shall set the log priority mask for the current process to maskpri and return the previous
mask. If the maskpri argument is 0, the current log mask is not modified. Calls by the current process to syslog() with a
priority not set in maskpri shall be rejected. The default log mask allows all priorities to be logged. A call to open-
log() is not required prior to calling setlogmask().
Symbolic constants for use as values of the logopt, facility, priority, and maskpri arguments are defined in the <sys-
log.h> header.
RETURN VALUE
The setlogmask() function shall return the previous log priority mask. The closelog(), openlog(), and syslog() functions
shall not return a value.
ERRORS
No errors are defined.
The following sections are informative.
EXAMPLES
Using openlog()
The following example causes subsequent calls to syslog() to log the process ID with each message, and to write messages
to the system console if they cannot be sent to the logging facility.
#include <syslog.h>
char *ident = "Process demo";
int logopt = LOG_PID | LOG_CONS;
int facility = LOG_USER;
...
openlog(ident, logopt, facility);
Using setlogmask()
The following example causes subsequent calls to syslog() to accept error messages, and to reject all other messages.
#include <syslog.h>
int result;
int mask = LOG_MASK (LOG_ERR);
...
result = setlogmask(mask);
Using syslog
The following example sends the message "This is a message" to the default logging facility, marking the message as an
error message generated by random processes.
#include <syslog.h>
char *message = "This is a message";
int priority = LOG_ERR | LOG_USER;
...
syslog(priority, message);
APPLICATION USAGE
None.
RATIONALE
None.
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
None.
SEE ALSO
printf(), the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, <syslog.h>
COPYRIGHT
Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition, Standard for
Information Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6, Copy-
right (C) 2001-2003 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the event of any
discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group
Standard is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at http://www.open-
group.org/unix/online.html .
IEEE/The Open Group 2003 CLOSELOG(3P)
