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SNMPCMD(1) Net-SNMP SNMPCMD(1)
NAME
snmpcmd - options and behaviour common to most of the Net-SNMP command-line tools
SYNOPSIS
snmpcmd [OPTIONS] AGENT [PARAMETERS]
DESCRIPTION
This manual page describes the common options for the SNMP commands: snmpbulkget, snmpbulkwalk, snmpdelta, snmpget,
snmpgetnext, snmpnetstat, snmpset, snmpstatus, snmptable, snmptest, snmptrap, snmpdf, snmpusm , snmpwalk . The command
line applications use the SNMP protocol to communicate with an SNMP capable network entity, an agent. Individual appli-
cations typically (but not necessarily) take additional parameters that are given after the agent specification. These
parameters are documented in the manual pages for each application.
OPTIONS
-3[MmKk] 0xHEXKEY
Sets the keys to be used for SNMPv3 transactions. These options allow you to set the master authentication and
encryption keys (-3m and -3M respectively) or set the localized authentication and encryption keys (-3k and -3K
respectively). SNMPv3 keys can be either passed in by hand using these flags, or by the use of keys generated
from passwords using the -A and -X flags discussed below. For further details on SNMPv3 and its usage of keying
information, see the Net-SNMP tutorial web site ( http://www.Net-SNMP.org/tutorial-5/commands/ ). Overrides the
defAuthMasterKey (-3m), defPrivMasterKey (-3M), defAuthLocalizedKey (-3k) or defPrivLocalizedKey (-3K) tokens,
respectively, in the snmp.conf file, see snmp.conf(5).
-a authProtocol
Set the authentication protocol (MD5 or SHA) used for authenticated SNMPv3 messages. Overrides the defAuthType
token in the snmp.conf file.
-A authPassword
Set the authentication pass phrase used for authenticated SNMPv3 messages. Overrides the defAuthPassphrase token
in the snmp.conf file. It is insecure to specify pass phrases on the command line, see snmp.conf(5).
-c community
Set the community string for SNMPv1/v2c transactions. Overrides the defCommunity token in the snmp.conf file.
-d Dump (in hexadecimal) the raw SNMP packets sent and received.
-D TOKEN[,...]
Turn on debugging output for the given TOKEN(s). Try ALL for extremely verbose output.
-e engineID
Set the authoritative (security) engineID used for SNMPv3 REQUEST messages. It is typically not necessary to
specify this, as it will usually be discovered automatically.
-E engineID
Set the context engineID used for SNMPv3 REQUEST messages scopedPdu. If not specified, this will default to the
authoritative engineID.
-h, --help
Display a brief usage message and then exit.
-H Display a list of configuration file directives understood by the command and then exit.
-I [brRhu]
Specifies input parsing options. See INPUT OPTIONS below.
-l secLevel
Set the securityLevel used for SNMPv3 messages (noAuthNoPriv|authNoPriv|authPriv). Appropriate pass phrase(s)
must provided when using any level higher than noAuthNoPriv. Overrides the defSecurityLevel token in the
snmp.conf file.
-L [eEfFoOsS]
Specifies output logging options. See LOGGING OPTIONS below.
-m MIBLIST
Specifies a colon separated list of MIB modules (not files) to load for this application. This overrides (or aug-
ments) the environment variable MIBS, the snmp.conf directive mibs, and the list of MIBs hardcoded into the Net-
SNMP library.
If MIBLIST has a leading '-' or '+' character, then the MIB modules listed are loaded in addition to the default
list, coming before or after this list respectively. Otherwise, the specified MIBs are loaded instead of this
default list.
The special keyword ALL is used to load all MIB modules in the MIB directory search list. Every file whose name
does not begin with "." will be parsed as if it were a MIB file.
-M DIRLIST
Specifies a colon separated list of directories to search for MIBs. This overrides (or augments) the environment
variable MIBDIRS, the snmp.conf directive mibdirs, and the default directory hardcoded into the Net-SNMP library
(/usr/share/snmp/mibs).
If DIRLIST has a leading '-' or '+' character, then the given directories are added to the default list, being
searched before or after the directories on this list respectively. Otherwise, the specified directories are
searched instead of this default list.
Note that the directories appearing later in the list have have precedence over earlier ones. To avoid searching
any MIB directories, set the MIBDIRS environment variable to the empty string ("").
Note that MIBs specified using the -m option or the mibs configuration directive will be loaded from one of the
directories listed by the -M option (or equivalents). The mibfile directive takes a full path to the specified
MIB file, so this does not need to be in the MIB directory search list.
-n contextName
Set the contextName used for SNMPv3 messages. The default contextName is the empty string "". Overrides the def-
Context token in the snmp.conf file.
-O [abeEfnqQsStTuUvxX]
Specifies output printing options. See OUTPUT OPTIONS below.
-P [cdeRuwW]
Specifies MIB parsing options. See MIB PARSING OPTIONS below.
-r retries
Specifies the number of retries to be used in the requests. The default is 5.
-t timeout
Specifies the timeout in seconds between retries. The default is 1. Floating point numbers can be used to specify
fractions of seconds.
-u secName
Set the securityName used for authenticated SNMPv3 messages. Overrides the defSecurityName token in the snmp.conf
file.
-v 1 | 2c | 3
Specifies the protocol version to use: 1 (RFCs 1155-1157), 2c (RFCs 1901-1908), or 3 (RFCs 2571-2574). The
default is typically version 3. Overrides the defVersion token in the snmp.conf file.
-V, --version
Display version information for the application and then exit.
-x privProtocol
Set the privacy protocol (DES or AES) used for encrypted SNMPv3 messages. Overrides the defPrivType token in the
snmp.conf file. This option is only valid if the Net-SNMP software was build to use OpenSSL.
-X privPassword
Set the privacy pass phrase used for encrypted SNMPv3 messages. Overrides the defPrivPassphrase token in the
snmp.conf file. It is insecure to specify pass phrases on the command line, see snmp.conf(5).
-Z boots,time
Set the engineBoots and engineTime used for authenticated SNMPv3 messages. This will initialize the local notion
of the agents boots/time with an authenticated value stored in the LCD. It is typically not necessary to specify
this option, as these values will usually be discovered automatically.
-Yname="value"
--name="value"
Allows to specify any token ("name") supported in the snmp.conf file and sets its value to "value". Overrides the
corresponding token in the snmp.conf file. See snmp.conf(5) for the full list of tokens.
AGENT SPECIFICATION
The string AGENT in the SYNOPSIS above specifies the remote SNMP entity with which to communicate. This specification
takes the form:
[<transport-specifier>:]<transport-address>
At its simplest, the AGENT specification may consist of a hostname, or an IPv4 address in the standard "dotted quad"
notation. In this case, communication will be attempted using UDP/IPv4 to port 161 of the given host. Otherwise, the
<transport-address> part of the specification is parsed according to the following table:
<transport-specifier> <transport-address> format
udp hostname[:port] or IPv4-address[:port]
tcp hostname[:port] or IPv4-address[:port]
unix pathname
ipx [network]:node[/port]
aal5pvc or pvc [interface.][VPI.]VCI
udp6 or udpv6 or udpipv6 hostname[:port] or IPv6-address:port or
'['IPv6-address']'[:port]
tcp6 or tcpv6 or tcpipv6 hostname[:port] or IPv6-address:port or
'['IPv6-address']'[:port]
Note that <transport-specifier> strings are case-insensitive so that, for example, "tcp" and "TCP" are equivalent. Here
are some examples, along with their interpretation:
hostname:161 perform query using UDP/IPv4 datagrams to hostname on port 161. The ":161" is redundant here
since that is the default SNMP port in any case.
udp:hostname identical to the previous specification. The "udp:" is redundant here since UDP/IPv4 is the
default transport.
TCP:hostname:1161 connect to hostname on port 1161 using TCP/IPv4 and perform query over that connection.
ipx::00D0B7AAE308 perform query using IPX datagrams to node number 00D0B7AAE308 on the default network, and using
the default IPX port of 36879 (900F hexadecimal), as suggested in RFC 1906.
ipx:0AE43409:00D0B721C6C0/1161
perform query using IPX datagrams to port 1161 on node number 00D0B721C6C0 on network number
0AE43409.
unix:/tmp/local-agent connect to the Unix domain socket /tmp/local-agent, and perform the query over that connection.
/tmp/local-agent identical to the previous specification, since the Unix domain is the default transport iff the
first character of the <transport-address> is a '/'.
alias:myname perform a connection to the myname alias which needs to be defined in the snmp.conf file using a
line like " alias myname udp:127.0.0.1:9161 ". Any type of transport definition can be used as
the alias expansion parameter. Aliases are particularly useful for using repeated complex trans-
port strings.
AAL5PVC:100 perform the query using AAL5 PDUs sent on the permanent virtual circuit with VPI=0 and VCI=100
(decimal) on the first ATM adapter in the machine.
PVC:1.10.32 perform the query using AAL5 PDUs sent on the permanent virtual circuit with VPI=10 (decimal) and
VCI=32 (decimal) on the second ATM adapter in the machine. Note that "PVC" is a synonym for
"AAL5PVC".
udp6:hostname:10161 perform the query using UDP/IPv6 datagrams to port 10161 on hostname (which will be looked up as
an AAAA record).
UDP6:[fe80::2d0:b7ff:fe21:c6c0]
perform the query using UDP/IPv6 datagrams to port 161 at address fe80::2d0:b7ff:fe21:c6c0.
tcpipv6:[::1]:1611 connect to port 1611 on the local host (::1 in IPv6 parlance) using TCP/IPv6 and perform query
over that connection.
dtlsudp:hostname:9161 Connects using SNMP over DTLS/UDP as documented by the ISMS working group (RFCs not yet published
as of this date). This will require that the TSM security model is in use (--defSecurity-
Model=tsm) and that the defX509ServerCerts, defX509ClientPriv, and defX509ClientPub configuration
tokens have been set.
ssh:hostname:22 Connects using SNMP over SSH as documented by the ISMS working group (RFCs not yet published as
of this date). This will require that the TSM security model is in use (--defSecurityModel=tsm).
Note that not all the transport domains listed above will always be available; for instance, hosts with no IPv6 support
will not be able to use udp6 transport addresses, and attempts to do so will result in the error "Unknown host". Like-
wise, since AAL5 PVC support is only currently available on Linux, it will fail with the same error on other platforms.
MIB PARSING OPTIONS
The Net-SNMP MIB parser mostly adheres to the Structure of Management Information (SMI). As that specification has
changed through time, and in recognition of the (ahem) diversity in compliance expressed in MIB files, additional options
provide more flexibility in reading MIB files.
-Pc Toggles whether ASN.1 comments should extend to the end of the MIB source line. Strictly speaking, a second
appearance of "--" should terminate the comment, but this breaks some MIB files. The default behaviour (to inter-
pret comments correctly) can also be set with the configuration token commentToEOL.
-Pd Disables the loading of MIB object DESCRIPTIONs when parsing MIB files. This reduces the amount of memory used by
the running application.
-Pe Toggles whether to show errors encountered when parsing MIB files. These include references to IMPORTed modules
and MIB objects that cannot be located in the MIB directory search list. The default behaviour can also be set
with the configuration token showMibErrors.
-PR If the same MIB object (parent name and sub-identifier) appears multiple times in the list of MIB definitions
loaded, use the last version to be read in. By default, the first version will be used, and any duplicates dis-
carded. This behaviour can also be set with the configuration token mibReplaceWithLatest.
Such ordering is normally only relevant if there are two MIB files with conflicting object definitions for the
same OID (or different revisions of the same basic MIB object).
-Pu Toggles whether to allow the underline character in MIB object names and other symbols. Strictly speaking, this
is not valid SMI syntax, but some vendor MIB files define such names. The default behaviour can also be set with
the configuration token mibAllowUnderline.
-Pw Show various warning messages in parsing MIB files and building the overall OID tree. This can also be set with
the configuration directive mibWarningLevel 1
-PW Show some additional warning messages, mostly relating to parsing individual MIB objects. This can also be set
with the configuration directive mibWarningLevel 2
OUTPUT OPTIONS
The format of the output from SNMP commands can be controlled using various parameters of the -O flag. The effects of
these sub-options can be seen by comparison with the following default output (unless otherwise specified):
$ snmpget -c public -v 1 localhost sysUpTime.0
SNMPv2-MIB::sysUpTime.0 = Timeticks: (14096763) 1 day, 15:09:27.63
-Oa Display string values as ASCII strings (unless there is a DISPLAY-HINT defined for the corresponding MIB object).
By default, the library attempts to determine whether the value is a printable or binary string, and displays it
accordingly.
This option does not affect objects that do have a Display Hint.
-Ob Display table indexes numerically, rather than trying to interpret the instance subidentifiers as string or OID
values:
$ snmpgetnext -c public -v 1 localhost vacmSecurityModel
SNMP-VIEW-BASED-ACM-MIB::vacmSecurityModel.0."wes" = xxx
$ snmpgetnext -c public -v 1 -Ob localhost vacmSecurityModel
SNMP-VIEW-BASED-ACM-MIB::vacmSecurityModel.0.3.119.101.115 = xxx
-Oe Removes the symbolic labels from enumeration values:
$ snmpget -c public -v 1 localhost ipForwarding.0
IP-MIB::ipForwarding.0 = INTEGER: forwarding(1)
$ snmpget -c public -v 1 -Oe localhost ipForwarding.0
IP-MIB::ipForwarding.0 = INTEGER: 1
-OE Modifies index strings to escape the quote characters:
$ snmpgetnext -c public -v 1 localhost vacmSecurityModel
SNMP-VIEW-BASED-ACM-MIB::vacmSecurityModel.0."wes" = xxx
$ snmpgetnext -c public -v 1 -OE localhost vacmSecurityModel
SNMP-VIEW-BASED-ACM-MIB::vacmSecurityModel.0.\"wes\" = xxx
This allows the output to be reused in shell commands.
-Of Include the full list of MIB objects when displaying an OID:
.iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2.system.sysUpTime.0 =
Timeticks: (14096763) 1 day, 15:09:27.63
-On Displays the OID numerically:
.1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3.0 = Timeticks: (14096763) 1 day, 15:09:27.63
-Oq Removes the equal sign and type information when displaying varbind values:
SNMPv2-MIB::sysUpTime.0 1:15:09:27.63
-OQ Removes the type information when displaying varbind values:
SNMPv2-MIB::sysUpTime.0 = 1:15:09:27.63
-Os Display the MIB object name (plus any instance or other subidentifiers):
sysUpTime.0 = Timeticks: (14096763) 1 day, 15:09:27.63
-OS Display the name of the MIB, as well as the object name:
SNMPv2-MIB::sysUpTime.0 = Timeticks: (14096763) 1 day, 15:09:27.63
This is the default OID output format.
-Ot Display TimeTicks values as raw numbers:
SNMPv2-MIB::sysUpTime.0 = 14096763
-OT If values are printed as Hex strings, display a printable version as well.
-Ou Display the OID in the traditional UCD-style (inherited from the original CMU code). That means removing a series
of "standard" prefixes from the OID, and displaying the remaining list of MIB object names (plus any other
subidentifiers):
system.sysUpTime.0 = Timeticks: (14096763) 1 day, 15:09:27.63
-OU Do not print the UNITS suffix at the end of the value.
-Ov Display the varbind value only, not the OID:
$ snmpget -c public -v 1 -Oe localhost ipForwarding.0
INTEGER: forwarding(1)
-Ox Display string values as Hex strings (unless there is a DISPLAY-HINT defined for the corresponding MIB object).
By default, the library attempts to determine whether the value is a printable or binary string, and displays it
accordingly.
This option does not affect objects that do have a Display Hint.
-OX Display table indexes in a more "program like" output, imitating a traditional array-style index format:
$ snmpgetnext -c public -v 1 localhost ipv6RouteTable
IPv6-MIB::ipv6RouteIfIndex.63.254.1.0.255.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.64.1 = INTEGER: 2
$ snmpgetnext -c public -v 1 -OE localhost ipv6RouteTable
IPv6-MIB::ipv6RouteIfIndex[3ffe:100:ff00:0:0:0:0:0][64][1] = INTEGER: 2
Most of these options can also be configured via configuration tokens. See the snmp.conf(5) manual page for details.
LOGGING OPTIONS
The mechanism and destination to use for logging of warning and error messages can be controlled by passing various
parameters to the -L flag.
-Le Log messages to the standard error stream.
-Lf FILE
Log messages to the specified file.
-Lo Log messages to the standard output stream.
-Ls FACILITY
Log messages via syslog, using the specified facility ('d' for LOG_DAEMON, 'u' for LOG_USER, or '0'-'7' for
LOG_LOCAL0 through LOG_LOCAL7).
There are also "upper case" versions of each of these options, which allow the corresponding logging mechanism to be
restricted to certain priorities of message. Using standard error logging as an example:
-LE pri
will log messages of priority 'pri' and above to standard error.
-LE p1-p2
will log messages with priority between 'p1' and 'p2' (inclusive) to standard error.
For -LF and -LS the priority specification comes before the file or facility token. The priorities recognised are:
0 or ! for LOG_EMERG,
1 or a for LOG_ALERT,
2 or c for LOG_CRIT,
3 or e for LOG_ERR,
4 or w for LOG_WARNING,
5 or n for LOG_NOTICE,
6 or i for LOG_INFO, and
7 or d for LOG_DEBUG.
Normal output is (or will be!) logged at a priority level of LOG_NOTICE
INPUT OPTIONS
The interpretation of input object names and the values to be assigned can be controlled using various parameters of the
-I flag. The default behaviour will be described at the end of this section.
-Ib specifies that the given name should be regarded as a regular expression, to match (case-insensitively) against
object names in the MIB tree. The "best" match will be used - calculated as the one that matches the closest to
the beginning of the node name and the highest in the tree. For example, the MIB object vacmSecurityModel could
be matched by the expression vacmsecuritymodel (full name, but different case), or vacm.*model (regexp pattern).
Note that '.' is a special character in regular expression patterns, so the expression cannot specify instance
subidentifiers or more than one object name. A "best match" expression will only be applied against single MIB
object names. For example, the expression sys*ontact.0 would not match the instance sysContact.0 (although
sys*ontact would match sysContact). Similarly, specifying a MIB module name will not succeed (so
SNMPv2-MIB::sys.*ontact would not match either).
-Ih disables the use of DISPLAY-HINT information when assigning values. This would then require providing the raw
value:
snmpset ... HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrSystemDate.0
x "07 D2 0C 0A 02 04 06 08"
instead of a formatted version:
snmpset ... HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrSystemDate.0
= 2002-12-10,2:4:6.8
-Ir disables checking table indexes and the value to be assigned against the relevant MIB definitions. This will
(hopefully) result in the remote agent reporting an invalid request, rather than checking (and rejecting) this
before it is sent to the remote agent.
Local checks are more efficient (and the diagnostics provided also tend to be more precise), but disabling this
behaviour is particularly useful when testing the remote agent.
-IR enables "random access" lookup of MIB names. Rather than providing a full OID path to the desired MIB object (or
qualifying this object with an explicit MIB module name), the MIB tree will be searched for the matching object
name. Thus .iso.org.dod.internet.mib-2.system.sysDescr.0 (or SNMPv2-MIB::sysDescr.0) can be specified simply as
sysDescr.0.
Warning:
Since MIB object names are not globally unique, this approach may return a different MIB object depending
on which MIB files have been loaded.
The MIB-MODULE::objectName syntax has the advantage of uniquely identifying a particular MIB object, as well as
being slightly more efficient (and automatically loading the necessary MIB file if necessary).
-Is SUFFIX
adds the specified suffix to each textual OID given on the command line. This can be used to retrieve multiple
objects from the same row of a table, by specifying a common index value.
-IS PREFIX
adds the specified prefix to each textual OID given on the command line. This can be used to specify an explicit
MIB module name for all objects being retrieved (or for incurably lazy typists).
-Iu enables the traditional UCD-style approach to interpreting input OIDs. This assumes that OIDs are rooted at the
'mib-2' point in the tree (unless they start with an explicit '.' or include a MIB module name). So the sysDescr
instance above would be referenced as system.sysDescr.0.
Object names specified with a leading '.' are always interpreted as "fully qualified" OIDs, listing the sequence of MIB
objects from the root of the MIB tree. Such objects and those qualified by an explicit MIB module name are unaffected by
the -Ib, -IR and -Iu flags.
Otherwise, if none of the above input options are specified, the default behaviour for a "relative" OID is to try and
interpret it as an (implicitly) fully qualified OID, then apply "random access" lookup (-IR), followed by "best match"
pattern matching (-Ib).
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
PREFIX The standard prefix for object identifiers (when using UCD-style output). Defaults to .iso.org.dod.inter-
net.mgmt.mib-2
MIBS The list of MIBs to load. Defaults to SNMPv2-TC:SNMPv2-MIB:IF-MIB:IP-MIB:TCP-MIB:UDP-MIB:SNMP-VACM-MIB. Overrid-
den by the -m option.
MIBDIRS
The list of directories to search for MIBs. Defaults to /usr/share/snmp/mibs. Overridden by the -M option.
FILES
/etc/snmp/snmpd.conf
Agent configuration file. See snmpd.conf(5).
/etc/snmp/snmp.conf
~/.snmp/snmp.conf
Application configuration files. See snmp.conf(5).
SEE ALSO
snmpget(1), snmpgetnext(1), snmpset(1), snmpbulkget(1), snmpbulkwalk(1), snmpwalk(1), snmptable(1), snmpnetstat(1), snm-
pdelta(1), snmptrap(1), snmpinform(1), snmpusm(1), snmpstatus(1), snmptest(1), snmp.conf(5).
4th Berkeley Distribution 29 Jun 2005 SNMPCMD(1)
