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unbound-anchor(8) unbound 1.4.13 unbound-anchor(8)

NAME
unbound-anchor - Unbound anchor utility.

SYNOPSIS
unbound-anchor [opts]

DESCRIPTION
Unbound-anchor performs setup or update of the root trust anchor for DNSSEC validation. It can be run (as root) from the
commandline, or run as part of startup scripts. Before you start the unbound(8) DNS server.

Suggested usage:

# in the init scripts.
# provide or update the root anchor (if necessary)
unbound-anchor -a "/etc/unbound/root.key"
# Please note usage of this root anchor is at your own risk
# and under the terms of our LICENSE (see source).
#
# start validating resolver
# the unbound.conf contains:
# auto-trust-anchor-file: "/etc/unbound/root.key"
unbound -c unbound.conf

This tool provides builtin default contents for the root anchor and root update certificate files.

It tests if the root anchor file works, and if not, and an update is possible, attempts to update the root anchor using
the root update certificate. It performs a https fetch of root-anchors.xml and checks the results, if all checks are
successful, it updates the root anchor file. Otherwise the root anchor file is unchanged. It performs RFC5011 tracking
if the DNSSEC information available via the DNS makes that possible.

If does not perform an update if the certificate is expired, if the network is down or other errors occur.

The available options are:

-a file
The root anchor key file, that is read in and written out. Default is /etc/unbound/root.key. If the file does
not exist, or is empty, a builtin root key is written to it.

-c file
The root update certificate file, that is read in. Default is /etc/unbound/icannbundle.pem. If the file does not
exist, or is empty, a builtin certificate is used.

-l List the builtin root key and builtin root update certificate on stdout.

-u name
The server name, it connects to https://name. Specify without https:// prefix. The default is "data.iana.org".
It connects to the port specified with -P. You can pass an IPv4 addres or IPv6 address (no brackets) if you want.

-x path
The pathname to the root-anchors.xml file on the server. (forms URL with -u). The default is
/root-anchors/root-anchors.xml.

-s path
The pathname to the root-anchors.p7s file on the server. (forms URL with -u). The default is
/root-anchors/root-anchors.p7s. This file has to be a PKCS7 signature over the xml file, using the pem file (-c)
as trust anchor.

-4 Use IPv4 for domain resolution and contacting the server on https. Default is to use IPv4 and IPv6 where appro-
priate.

-6 Use IPv6 for domain resolution and contacting the server on https. Default is to use IPv4 and IPv6 where appro-
priate.

-f resolv.conf
Use the given resolv.conf file. Not enabled by default, but you could try to pass /etc/resolv.conf on some sys-
tems. It contains the IP addresses of the recursive nameservers to use. However, since this tool could be used
to bootstrap that very recursive nameserver, it would not be useful (since that server is not up yet, since we are
bootstrapping it). It could be useful in a situation where you know an upstream cache is deployed (and running)
and in captive portal situations.

-r root.hints
Use the given root.hints file (same syntax as the BIND and Unbound root hints file) to bootstrap domain resolu-
tion. By default a list of builtin root hints is used. Unbound-anchor goes to the network itself for these
roots, to resolve the server (-u option) and to check the root DNSKEY records. It does so, because the tool when
used for bootstrapping the recursive resolver, cannot use that recursive resolver itself because it is bootstrap-
ping that server.

-v More verbose. Once prints informational messages, multiple times may enable large debug amounts (such as full cer-
tificates or byte-dumps of downloaded files). By default it prints almost nothing. It also prints nothing on
errors by default; in that case the original root anchor file is simply left undisturbed, so that a recursive
server can start right after it.

-C unbound.conf
Debug option to read unbound.conf into the resolver process used.

-P port
Set the port number to use for the https connection. The default is 443.

-F Debug option to force update of the root anchor through downloading the xml file and verifying it with the cer-
tificate. By default it first tries to update by contacting the DNS, which uses much less bandwidth, is much
faster (200 msec not 2 sec), and is nicer to the deployed infrastructure. With this option, it still attempts to
do so (and may verbosely tell you), but then ignores the result and goes on to use the xml fallback method.

-h Show the version and commandline option help.

-v More verbose. Prints output detailing what happens.

EXIT CODE
This tool exits with value 1 if the root anchor was updated using the certificate or if the builtin root-anchor was used.
It exits with code 0 if no update was necessary, if the update was possible with RFC5011 tracking, or if an error
occurred.

You can check the exit value in this manner:
unbound-anchor -a "root.key" || logger "Please check root.key"
Or something more suitable for your operational environment.

TRUST
The root keys and update certificate included in this tool are provided for convenience and under the terms of our
license (see the LICENSE file in the source distribution or http://unbound.nlnetlabs.nl/svn/trunk/LICENSE) and might be
stale or not suitable to your purpose.

By running "unbound-anchor -l" the keys and certificate that are configured in the code are printed for your conve-
nience.

The build-in configuration can be overridden by providing a root-cert file and a rootkey file.

FILES
/etc/unbound/root.key
The root anchor file, updated with 5011 tracking, and read and written to. The file is created if it does not
exist.

/etc/unbound/icannbundle.pem
The trusted self-signed certificate that is used to verify the downloaded DNSSEC root trust anchor. You can
update it by fetching it from https://data.iana.org/root-anchors/icannbundle.pem (and validate it). If the file
does not exist or is empty, a builtin version is used.

https://data.iana.org/root-anchors/root-anchors.xml
Source for the root key information.

https://data.iana.org/root-anchors/root-anchors.p7s
Signature on the root key information.